Ben Taleb Ziyad, Dabroy Danny, Akins John, Nelson Michael Douglas, Kalan Mohammed Ebrahimi, Rezk-Hanna Mary, Brothers R Matthew
Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, United States.
Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, United States.
Tob Induc Dis. 2023 May 26;21:71. doi: 10.18332/tid/162366. eCollection 2023.
The vaping epidemic in the US has been largely attributed to the emergence of pod-based e-cigarette devices. While these devices continue to be promoted as alternatives to cigarettes, their impact on cardiovascular and behavioral outcomes remains incompletely understood. This study assessed the impact of pod-based e-cigarettes on peripheral and cerebral vascular function, along with subjective experiences among adult cigarette smokers.
In a crossover laboratory design study, a total of 19 (e-cigarette naïve) cigarette smokers (aged 21-43 years) attended two lab sessions. In one session, participants smoked a cigarette and in the other, vaped a pod-based e-cigarette. Participants completed questions assessing subjective experiences. Peripheral macrovascular and microvascular function was assessed via brachial artery FMD and reactive hyperemia, while cerebral vascular function was assessed as the blood velocity response of the middle cerebral artery during hypercapnia. Measurements were taken before and after exposure.
Compared with baseline, there was a reduction in peripheral macrovascular function (indexed by FMD), following e-cigarette (pre=9.3±4.3%; post=6.4±4.1%) and cigarette use (pre=10.2±3.7%; post=6.8±3.8%; main effect of time p<0.0001). Cerebral vascular function (indexed by cerebral vasodilatory response during hypercapnia) was also reduced following e-cigarette (pre=53±19%; post=44±15%) and cigarette use (pre=54±21%; post=44±17%; main effect of time p<0.01). The magnitude of reduction in peripheral and cerebral vascular function was similar between conditions (condition × time, p>0.05). Compared with vaping an e-cigarette, participants scored higher for measures of satisfaction, taste, puff liking, and suppression of craving following smoking (p>0.05).
Similar to smoking, vaping a pod-based e-cigarette leads to an impairment in peripheral and cerebral vascular function while providing a reduced subjective experience compared with a cigarette among adult smokers. While these data challenge the notion that e-cigarette use is a safe and satisfactory alternative to cigarette use, large longitudinal studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of pod-based e-cigarette devices on cardiovascular and behavioral outcomes.
美国电子烟流行主要归因于基于烟弹的电子烟设备的出现。虽然这些设备仍被宣传为香烟的替代品，但其对心血管和行为结果的影响仍未完全了解。本研究评估了基于烟弹的电子烟对成人吸烟者外周和脑血管功能的影响以及主观体验。
在一项交叉实验室设计研究中，共有19名（从未使用过电子烟的）吸烟者（年龄在21至43岁之间）参加了两次实验室测试。在一次测试中，参与者吸一支香烟，在另一次测试中，使用基于烟弹的电子烟。参与者完成了评估主观体验的问题。通过肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张功能（FMD）和反应性充血评估外周大血管和微血管功能，而脑血管功能通过高碳酸血症期间大脑中动脉的血流速度反应来评估。在暴露前后进行测量。
与基线相比，使用电子烟（暴露前=9.3±4.3%；暴露后=6.4±4.1%）和吸烟后（暴露前=10.2±3.7%；暴露后=6.8±3.8%）外周大血管功能（以FMD为指标）均降低（时间主效应p<0.0001）。使用电子烟（暴露前=53±19%；暴露后=44±15%）和吸烟后（暴露前=54±21%；暴露后=44±17%）脑血管功能（以高碳酸血症期间脑血管舒张反应为指标）也降低（时间主效应p<0.01）。不同条件下外周和脑血管功能降低的幅度相似（条件×时间，p>0.05）。与吸电子烟相比，参与者在吸烟后的满意度、味道、抽吸喜好和渴望抑制方面的评分更高（p>0.05）。
与吸烟类似，吸基于烟弹的电子烟会导致外周和脑血管功能受损，同时与成年吸烟者吸香烟相比，主观体验较差。虽然这些数据挑战了使用电子烟是吸烟的安全且令人满意的替代品这一观念，但需要进行大型纵向研究来评估基于烟弹的电子烟设备对心血管和行为结果的长期影响。
