Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.
Adv Med Sci. 2023 Sep;68(2):202-207. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 31.
The measurement of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) offers a non-invasive way to assess airway disease and can be easily done in a clinical setting among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the complex pathophysiology of CF is widely accepted and biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress can be measured in the serum and EBC. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess markers of nitrosative stress in EBC and serum, collected simultaneously from the CF patients.
Paired EBC and serum samples were collected from 36 stable patients with CF and 14 healthy controls. Markers of nitrosative stress ‒ 3-nitrotyrosine and nitrate/nitrite were measured in the EBC and serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
We found no differences in 3-nitrotyrosine and nitrate/nitrite in the EBC of patients with CF as compared to healthy controls (125.37 ± 3.29 vs. 126.24 ± 2.21 nmol/L, p = 0.218; 12.66 ± 7.23 vs. 8.79 ± 4.83 μmol/L, p = 0.133, respectively). Furthermore, 3-nitrotyrosine and nitrate/nitrite were significantly higher in the serum of patients with CF as compared to the healthy controls (0.13 ± 0.02 vs. 0.11 ± 0.01 nmol/mg protein, p = 0.003; 70.78 ± 22.55 vs. 53.08 ± 8.5 μmol/L, p = 0.009, respectively). No correlations were found between the markers determined in the EBC and serum.
The results of the EBC nitrosative stress biomarkers should be interpreted with caution, especially in patients with stable disease, as the EBC values may be independent on levels of circulating markers that are elevated in the serum of patients with stable CF.
呼出气冷凝物（EBC）中的生物标志物的测量提供了一种评估气道疾病的非侵入性方法，并且可以在囊性纤维化（CF）患者的临床环境中轻松完成。氧化和硝化应激在 CF 的复杂病理生理学中的作用已被广泛接受，并且可以在血清和 EBC 中测量氧化和硝化应激的生物标志物。据我们所知，这是第一项评估 CF 患者同时从 EBC 和血清中收集的硝化应激标志物的研究。
从 36 名稳定的 CF 患者和 14 名健康对照者中收集配对的 EBC 和血清样本。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法在 EBC 和血清中测量硝化应激标志物 - 3-硝基酪氨酸和硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐。
与健康对照组相比，CF 患者的 EBC 中的 3-硝基酪氨酸和硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐没有差异（125.37 ± 3.29 与 126.24 ± 2.21 nmol/L，p = 0.218；12.66 ± 7.23 与 8.79 ± 4.83 μmol/L，p = 0.133，分别）。此外，与健康对照组相比，CF 患者的血清中的 3-硝基酪氨酸和硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐显着升高（0.13 ± 0.02 与 0.11 ± 0.01 nmol/mg 蛋白，p = 0.003；70.78 ± 22.55 与 53.08 ± 8.5 μmol/L，p = 0.009，分别）。在 EBC 和血清中测定的标志物之间未发现相关性。
EBC 硝化应激生物标志物的结果应谨慎解释，特别是在稳定疾病的患者中，因为 EBC 值可能与循环标志物的水平独立，这些标志物在稳定 CF 患者的血清中升高。
