The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Neurosci Bull. 2023 Oct;39(10):1577-1590. doi: 10.1007/s12264-023-01070-5. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Respiration protocols have been developed to manipulate mental states, including their use for therapeutic purposes. In this systematic review, we discuss evidence that respiration may play a fundamental role in coordinating neural activity, behavior, and emotion. The main findings are: (1) respiration affects the neural activity of a wide variety of regions in the brain; (2) respiration modulates different frequency ranges in the brain's dynamics; (3) different respiration protocols (spontaneous, hyperventilation, slow or resonance respiration) yield different neural and mental effects; and (4) the effects of respiration on the brain are related to concurrent modulation of biochemical (oxygen delivery, pH) and physiological (cerebral blood flow, heart rate variability) variables. We conclude that respiration may be an integral rhythm of the brain's neural activity. This provides an intimate connection of respiration with neuro-mental features like emotion. A respiratory-neuro-mental connection holds the promise for a brain-based therapeutic usage of respiration in mental disorders.
呼吸协议已经被开发出来用于操控心理状态，包括将其用于治疗目的。在这项系统综述中，我们讨论了呼吸可能在协调神经活动、行为和情绪方面发挥基本作用的证据。主要发现有：（1）呼吸会影响大脑中广泛区域的神经活动；（2）呼吸调节大脑动力学的不同频带；（3）不同的呼吸协议（自发性、过度通气、缓慢或共振呼吸）产生不同的神经和心理效应；（4）呼吸对大脑的影响与同时对生化（氧气输送、pH 值）和生理（脑血流、心率变异性）变量的调节有关。我们的结论是，呼吸可能是大脑神经活动的固有节律。这为呼吸与情感等神经精神特征提供了密切的联系。呼吸与神经精神的联系为呼吸在精神障碍中的基于大脑的治疗用途提供了希望。
