Moss Samantha, Zhang Xiaoxia, Tamplain Priscila, Gu Xiangli
Kinesiology Department, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, United States.
Kinesiology Department, Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, LA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 May 23;14:1134647. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134647. eCollection 2023.
Fundamental motor skills (FMS) and cognitive function are important indicators of development in early childhood. Using a cross-sectional design, the purpose of this study was to investigate obesity (healthy weight vs. overweight/obese) and socio-demographic (i.e., gender, SES) disparities in FMS (locomotor and ball skills) and cognitive function (reaction time [RT] and movement time [MT]), in preschoolers. There were 74 preschoolers (girl = 38; M = 4.02 ± 0.73) recruited from two childcare centers and were categorized into healthy weight ( = 58, BMI percentile < 85%) and overweight/obese ( = 16, BMI percentile ≥ 85%) categories. Children's FMS were assessed using the TGMD-3; cognitive function was assessed by the iPad-based CANTAB™ software using the Reaction Time Task (RTI), including reaction time (RT; Simple RT [SRT], choice RT [CRT]) and movement time (MT; simple MT [SMT], choice MT [CMT]). Children presented less FMS proficiency compared to recent data. Both weight groups performed comparably in FMS (s > 0.05; ball skill Cohen's = 0.40; locomotor Cohen's = 0.02). Children in the overweight/obese group performed significantly worse on all cognitive tests compared to healthy weight peers (s < 0.05; Cohen's range from -0.93 to -1.43). No significant gender or SES disparities were observed. Maintaining healthy weight status is critical for cognitive development among preschoolers, which may influence their developmental trajectory and school readiness.
基本运动技能（FMS）和认知功能是幼儿发育的重要指标。本研究采用横断面设计，旨在调查学龄前儿童在FMS（运动和球类技能）和认知功能（反应时间[RT]和运动时间[MT]）方面的肥胖（健康体重与超重/肥胖）和社会人口统计学差异（即性别、社会经济地位）。从两个托儿中心招募了74名学龄前儿童（女孩=38名；平均年龄=4.02±0.73岁），并将其分为健康体重组（n=58，BMI百分位数<85%）和超重/肥胖组（n=16，BMI百分位数≥85%）。使用TGMD-3评估儿童的FMS；使用基于iPad的CANTAB™软件通过反应时间任务（RTI）评估认知功能，包括反应时间（RT；简单反应时间[SRT]、选择反应时间[CRT]）和运动时间（MT；简单运动时间[SMT]、选择运动时间[CMT]）。与近期数据相比，儿童的FMS熟练程度较低。两组体重儿童在FMS方面表现相当（p>0.05；球类技能科恩d=0.40；运动技能科恩d=0.02）。与健康体重的同龄人相比，超重/肥胖组儿童在所有认知测试中的表现明显更差（p<0.05；科恩d范围为-0.93至-1.43）。未观察到显著的性别或社会经济地位差异。保持健康的体重状态对学龄前儿童的认知发展至关重要，这可能会影响他们的发育轨迹和入学准备情况。
