Augmented Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin for the Effective Management of Plaque Psoriasis - Design, Formulation, Characterisation, and In Vivo Studies.

Psoriasis is a recurrent, life-threatening anti-inflammatory condition that affects nearly 1-3% of the global population. It is an autoimmune illness distinguished by hyperplasia of skin cells or fast skin cell development, resulting in abnormally irritating scales and skin patches. Curcumin, as a selective phosphorylase kinase inhibitor, actively suppresses inflammation and keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. However, limited solubility in water and poor skin permeability poses a significant hurdle in curcumin's topical effectiveness in psoriasis. The present study focuses on enhancing the solubility and skin permeability of curcumin for better transdermal application. Curcumin-loaded invasomes were formulated, and a factorial design was applied to study the effect of the type of terpenes and their concentrations on the properties of prepared invasomes. A topical gel was formulated using the optimised invasomal formulation which was further evaluated for anti-psoriatic potential in BALB/c mice. The optimised formulation showed 85.84 ± 0.56% entrapment efficiency and a vesicle size of 302.33 ± 1.53 nm. The invasomal gel of the optimised formulation showed a permeation flux of 3 times greater than the plain gel. In vivo studies demonstrated that the invasomal gel of curcumin promoted faster and earlier recovery in psoriatic mice than conventional curcumin gel.