Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Cells. 2023 May 23;12(11):1448. doi: 10.3390/cells12111448.
In recent years, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has made significant progress in promoting the direct and functional connection between bone and graft, including osseointegration and osteoconduction, to facilitate the healing of damaged bone tissues. Herein, we introduce a new, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). The method uses epigallocatechin-3--gallate (EGCG) as a reducing agent to synthesize rGO (E-rGO), and HAp powder is obtained from Atlantic bluefin tuna (). The physicochemical analysis indicated that the E-rGO/HAp composites had exceptional properties for use as BTE scaffolds, as well as high purity. Moreover, we discovered that E-rGO/HAp composites facilitated not only the proliferation, but also early and late osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Our work suggests that E-rGO/HAp composites may play a significant role in promoting the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, and we envision that E-rGO/HAp composites could serve as promising candidates for BTE scaffolds, stem-cell differentiation stimulators, and implantable device components because of their biocompatible and bioactive properties. Overall, we suggest a new approach for developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly E-rGO/HAp composite materials for BTE application.
近年来，骨组织工程（BTE）在促进骨与移植物之间的直接和功能连接方面取得了重大进展，包括骨整合和骨传导，以促进受损骨组织的愈合。在此，我们介绍了一种新的、环保且具有成本效益的方法来合成还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）和羟基磷灰石（HAp）。该方法使用表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）作为还原剂合成 rGO（E-rGO），并从大西洋金枪鱼（）中获得 HAp 粉末。物理化学分析表明，E-rGO/HAp 复合材料具有作为 BTE 支架使用的优异性能，且纯度高。此外，我们发现 E-rGO/HAp 复合材料不仅促进了人骨髓间充质干细胞（hMSCs）的增殖，还促进了其早期和晚期成骨分化。我们的工作表明，E-rGO/HAp 复合材料可能在促进 hMSCs 的自发成骨分化方面发挥重要作用，我们设想 E-rGO/HAp 复合材料可能成为具有成本效益和环保效益的 BTE 支架、干细胞分化刺激剂和可植入设备组件的有前途的候选材料，因为它们具有生物相容性和生物活性。总的来说，我们提出了一种新的方法来开发用于 BTE 应用的具有成本效益和环保效益的 E-rGO/HAp 复合材料。
