Jang Weon, Song Ji Soo
Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 May 25;13(11):1852. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13111852.
Hepatic steatosis without specific causes (e.g., viral infection, alcohol abuse, etc.) is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and NASH-related cirrhosis. Despite the usefulness of the standard grading system, liver biopsy has several limitations. In addition, patient acceptability and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility are also concerns. Due to the prevalence of NAFLD and limitations of liver biopsies, non-invasive imaging methods such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can reliably diagnose hepatic steatosis have developed rapidly. US is widely available and radiation-free but cannot examine the entire liver. CT is readily available and helpful for detection and risk classification, significantly when analyzed using artificial intelligence; however, it exposes users to radiation. Although expensive and time-consuming, MRI can measure liver fat percentage with magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Specifically, chemical shift-encoded (CSE)-MRI is the best imaging indicator for early liver fat detection. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of each imaging modality with an emphasis on the recent progress and current status of liver fat quantification.
无特定病因（如病毒感染、酗酒等）的肝脂肪变性称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），其范围从非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFL）到非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）、纤维化以及NASH相关肝硬化。尽管标准分级系统有用，但肝活检存在一些局限性。此外，患者的接受度以及观察者间和观察者内的可重复性也是问题。由于NAFLD的患病率以及肝活检的局限性，能够可靠诊断肝脂肪变性的非侵入性成像方法，如超声检查（US）、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）发展迅速。超声检查广泛可用且无辐射，但无法检查整个肝脏。CT易于获得，有助于检测和风险分类，尤其是在使用人工智能进行分析时；然而，它会使使用者受到辐射。磁共振成像虽然昂贵且耗时，但可以通过磁共振成像质子密度脂肪分数（MRI-PDFF）测量肝脏脂肪百分比。具体而言，化学位移编码（CSE）-MRI是早期肝脏脂肪检测的最佳成像指标。本综述的目的是概述每种成像方式，重点是肝脏脂肪定量的最新进展和现状。
