National Research and Development Institute in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Romania.
eBio-hub Research-Center, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Boulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 27;24(11):9375. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119375.
The rapid development of antimicrobial resistance due to broad antibiotic utilisation in the healthcare and food industries and the non-availability of novel antibiotics represents one of the most critical public health issues worldwide. Current advances in nanotechnology allow new materials to address drug-resistant bacterial infections in specific, focused, and biologically safe ways. The unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and wide range of adaptability of nanomaterials that exhibit photothermal capability can be employed to develop the next generation of photothermally induced controllable hyperthermia as antibacterial nanoplatforms. Here, we review the current state of the art in different functional classes of photothermal antibacterial nanomaterials and strategies to optimise antimicrobial efficiency. The recent achievements and trends in developing photothermally active nanostructures, including plasmonic metals, semiconductors, and carbon-based and organic photothermal polymers, and antibacterial mechanisms of action, including anti-multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm removal, will be discussed. Insights into the mechanisms of the photothermal effect and various factors influencing photothermal antimicrobial performance, emphasising the structure-performance relationship, are discussed. We will examine the photothermal agents' functionalisation for specific bacteria, the effects of the near-infrared light irradiation spectrum, and active photothermal materials for multimodal synergistic-based therapies to minimise side effects and maintain low costs. The most relevant applications are presented, such as antibiofilm formation, biofilm penetration or ablation, and nanomaterial-based infected wound therapy. Practical antibacterial applications employing photothermal antimicrobial agents, alone or in synergistic combination with other nanomaterials, are considered. Existing challenges and limitations in photothermal antimicrobial therapy and future perspectives are presented from the structural, functional, safety, and clinical potential points of view.
由于在医疗保健和食品行业广泛使用抗生素导致的抗菌药物耐药性的迅速发展，以及新型抗生素的缺乏，这是全球最严重的公共卫生问题之一。纳米技术的最新进展使得新材料能够以特定、集中和生物安全的方式解决耐药细菌感染问题。具有光热能力的纳米材料的独特物理化学性质、生物相容性和广泛的适应性，可以用于开发下一代光热诱导可控高温作为抗菌纳米平台。在这里，我们回顾了不同功能类别的光热抗菌纳米材料的最新进展以及优化抗菌效率的策略。讨论了开发光热活性纳米结构的最新成果和趋势，包括等离子体金属、半导体以及碳基和有机光热聚合物，以及抗菌作用机制，包括抗多药耐药菌和生物膜去除。探讨了光热效应的机制以及影响光热抗菌性能的各种因素，强调了结构-性能关系。我们将研究光热剂对特定细菌的功能化、近红外光照射光谱的影响以及用于多模式协同治疗的主动光热材料，以最小化副作用并保持低成本。介绍了最相关的应用，如抗生物膜形成、生物膜穿透或消融以及基于纳米材料的感染性伤口治疗。单独或与其他纳米材料协同使用光热抗菌剂的抗菌实际应用被认为是可行的。从结构、功能、安全性和临床潜力的角度来看，提出了光热抗菌治疗存在的挑战和局限性以及未来展望。
