Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center, Delft, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Curr Opin Virol. 2023 Aug;61:101335. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101335. Epub 2023 Jun 10.
To cause pandemics, zoonotic respiratory viruses need to adapt to replication in and spread between humans, either via (indirect or direct) contact or through the air via droplets and aerosols. To render influenza A viruses transmissible via air, three phenotypic viral properties must change, of which receptor-binding specificity and polymerase activity have been well studied. However, the third adaptive property, hemagglutinin (HA) acid stability, is less understood. Recent studies show that there may be a correlation between HA acid stability and virus survival in the air, suggesting that a premature conformational change of HA, triggered by low pH in the airways or droplets, may render viruses noninfectious before they can reach a new host. We here summarize available data from (animal) studies on the impact of HA acid stability on airborne transmission and hypothesize that the transmissibility of other respiratory viruses may also be impacted by an acidic environment in the airways.
为了引发大流行，人畜共患的呼吸道病毒需要适应在人与人之间复制和传播，可以通过（间接或直接）接触或通过飞沫和气溶胶在空气中传播。为了使甲型流感病毒能够通过空气传播，必须改变三种表型病毒特性，其中受体结合特异性和聚合酶活性已经得到了很好的研究。然而，第三个适应性特性，血凝素（HA）的酸稳定性，了解得较少。最近的研究表明，HA 酸稳定性与病毒在空气中的存活之间可能存在相关性，这表明气道或飞沫中的低 pH 值引发的 HA 过早构象变化，可能使病毒在到达新宿主之前失去感染性。在这里，我们总结了（动物）研究中关于 HA 酸稳定性对空气传播影响的现有数据，并假设其他呼吸道病毒的传染性也可能受到气道内酸性环境的影响。
