Grady Clare I, Walsh Lisa M, Heiss John D
Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.
Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Front Neurol. 2023 May 30;14:1154753. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1154753. eCollection 2023.
Epigenetic mechanisms allow cells to fine-tune gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. For decades, it has been known that mitochondria have genetic material. Still, only recently have studies shown that epigenetic factors regulate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene expression. Mitochondria regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, all critical areas of dysfunction in gliomas. Methylation of mtDNA, alterations in mtDNA packaging via mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and regulation of mtDNA transcription via the micro-RNAs (mir 23-b) and long noncoding RNAs [RNA mitochondrial RNA processing (RMRP)] have all been identified as contributing to glioma pathogenicity. Developing new interventions interfering with these pathways may improve glioma therapy.
表观遗传机制使细胞能够根据环境刺激精确调节基因表达。几十年来，人们已经知道线粒体含有遗传物质。然而，直到最近才有研究表明表观遗传因素可调节线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的基因表达。线粒体调节细胞增殖、凋亡和能量代谢，而这些都是胶质瘤功能障碍的关键领域。mtDNA的甲基化、通过线粒体转录因子A（TFAM）改变mtDNA包装，以及通过微小RNA（mir 23-b）和长链非编码RNA [RNA线粒体RNA加工（RMRP）]调节mtDNA转录，都已被确定与胶质瘤的致病性有关。开发干扰这些途径的新干预措施可能会改善胶质瘤的治疗效果。
