Ma Yulong, Romanak Kevin Andrew, Capozzi Staci Lynn, Xia Chunjie, Lehman Daniel Crawford, Harrad Stuart, Cline-Cole Reginald, Venier Marta
School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2023 May 17;10(6):478-484. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00224. eCollection 2023 Jun 13.
Although diet is an important route of exposure for brominated flame retardants (BFRs), little is known of their presence in US food. Therefore, we purchased meat, fish, and dairy product samples ( = 72) in Bloomington, IN, from 3 stores representing national retail chains at different price levels. Composite samples ( = 42) were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), novel BFRs (NBFRs), and dechlorane plus (DP). Concentrations of total halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) ranged between 54 and 1,400 pg/g ww, with PBDEs being the predominant compounds. Concentrations of NBFRs, but not PBDEs, in US food items were significantly impacted by price, raising the issue of environmental justice. Nonorganic food generally had a higher abundance of BDE-209 than organic food items. Estimates of dietary exposure revealed that meat and cheese consumption contribute most to the overall HFR intake and that intakes are highest for children and for non-Hispanic Asians. Taking into account several caveats and limitations of this study, these results as a whole suggest that health burdens from dietary exposure to HFRs have become minimal for US citizens, highlighting the positive impact of regulatory efforts.
尽管饮食是接触溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）的重要途径，但人们对其在美国食品中的存在情况知之甚少。因此，我们在印第安纳州布卢明顿市的3家代表不同价格水平的全国性零售连锁店购买了肉类、鱼类和乳制品样本（n = 72）。对复合样本（n = 42）分析了多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）、新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）和十氯酮（DP）。总卤化阻燃剂（HFRs）的浓度在54至1400 pg/g湿重之间，其中PBDEs是主要化合物。美国食品中NBFRs的浓度而非PBDEs的浓度受价格的显著影响，这引发了环境正义问题。非有机食品中BDE - 209的含量通常高于有机食品。膳食暴露估计表明，肉类和奶酪消费对总体HFR摄入量的贡献最大，儿童和非西班牙裔亚洲人的摄入量最高。考虑到本研究的一些注意事项和局限性，总体而言，这些结果表明美国公民因膳食接触HFRs而产生的健康负担已降至最低，凸显了监管努力的积极影响。
