Cani Massimiliano, Turco Fabio, Butticè Simona, Vogl Ursula Maria, Buttigliero Consuelo, Novello Silvia, Capelletto Enrica
Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 May 19;15(10):2836. doi: 10.3390/cancers15102836.
Environmental and occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of different types of cancers, although the exact mechanisms of higher carcinogenesis risk are not always well understood. Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer mortality, and, also, genitourinary neoplasms are among the main causes of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. The purpose of this review is to describe the main environmental and occupational factors that increase the risk of developing lung and genitourinary cancers and to investigate carcinogenesis mechanisms that link these agents to cancer onset. Further objectives are to identify methods for the prevention or the early detection of carcinogenic agents and, therefore, to reduce the risk of developing these cancers or to detect them at earlier stages.
环境和职业暴露与不同类型癌症的风险增加有关，尽管致癌风险增加的确切机制并不总是完全清楚。肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因，此外，泌尿生殖系统肿瘤也是西方国家癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。本综述的目的是描述增加肺癌和泌尿生殖系统癌症发病风险的主要环境和职业因素，并研究将这些因素与癌症发生联系起来的致癌机制。进一步的目标是确定预防或早期检测致癌物质的方法，从而降低患这些癌症的风险或在早期阶段检测到它们。
