Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China.
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Sep;10(25):e2301357. doi: 10.1002/advs.202301357. Epub 2023 Jun 25.
Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms. However, recent studies have shown that these vesicles play essential roles in direct or indirect communications among microorganisms and between microorganisms and hosts. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the physiological functions and emerging applications of bacterial membrane vesicles, with a focus on their biogenesis, mechanisms of adsorption and invasion into host cells, immune stimulatory effects, and roles in the much-concerned problem of bacterial resistance. Additionally, the potential applications of these vesicles as biomarkers, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery platforms are discussed.
细菌或真菌膜泡，传统上被认为是微生物的代谢废物，主要从微生物的外膜或细胞膜分泌出来。然而，最近的研究表明，这些膜泡在微生物之间以及微生物与宿主之间的直接或间接通讯中发挥着重要作用。本综述旨在提供对细菌膜泡生理功能和新兴应用的最新认识，重点介绍它们的生物发生、吸附和侵入宿主细胞的机制、免疫刺激作用以及在人们关注的细菌耐药性问题中的作用。此外，还讨论了这些膜泡作为生物标志物、疫苗候选物和药物传递平台的潜在应用。
