Mesguida Ouiza, Haidar Rana, Yacoub Amira, Dreux-Zigha Assia, Berthon Jean-Yves, Guyoneaud Rémy, Attard Eléonore, Rey Patrice
E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France.
GreenCell: Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 May 31;9(6):638. doi: 10.3390/jof9060638.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently among the most important health challenges for viticulture in the world. Esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback are the most current GTDs caused by fungi in mature vineyards. Their incidence has increased over the last two decades, mainly after the ban of sodium arsenate, carbendazim, and benomyl in the early 2000s. Since then, considerable efforts have been made to find alternative approaches to manage these diseases and limit their propagation. Biocontrol is a sustainable approach to fight against GTD-associated fungi and several microbiological control agents have been tested against at least one of the pathogens involved in these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogens responsible, the various potential biocontrol microorganisms selected and used, and their origins, mechanisms of action, and efficiency in various experiments carried out , in greenhouses, and/or in vineyards. Lastly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches to protect grapevines against GTDs, as well as the future perspectives for their improvement.
葡萄树干病害（GTDs）是目前全球葡萄栽培面临的最重要的健康挑战之一。在成熟葡萄园里，葡萄黑痘病、葡萄座腔菌溃疡病和葡萄顶枯病是由真菌引起的最新的GTDs。在过去二十年里，它们的发病率有所上升，主要是在21世纪初砷酸钠、多菌灵和苯菌灵被禁用之后。从那时起，人们付出了巨大努力来寻找替代方法来管理这些病害并限制其传播。生物防治是对抗与GTD相关真菌的一种可持续方法，并且已经针对这些病害中涉及的至少一种病原体测试了几种微生物控制剂。在这篇综述中，我们概述了相关病原体、所选择和使用的各种潜在生物防治微生物及其来源、作用机制，以及在温室和/或葡萄园进行的各种实验中的效率。最后，我们讨论了这些保护葡萄藤免受GTD侵害的方法的优点和局限性，以及改进它们的未来前景。
