Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 8;15(12):2676. doi: 10.3390/nu15122676.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial cluster of metabolic disorders related to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet and dietary patterns are significant factors in the development and management of MetS. The associations between dietary patterns (i.e., high-carbohydrate [HCHO], high-fat [HF], and high-protein [HP] diets) and the prevalence of MetS in Koreans were examined using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected between 2018 and 2020. The study included data from 9069 participants (3777 men and 5292 women). The percentage of participants with MetS was significantly higher in the HCHO diet group than in the normal diet group in women. Women with HCHO diet were positively associated with elevated blood pressure and triglyceride levels based on a comparison with the normal diet group ( = 0.032 and = 0.005, respectively). Men with an HF diet were negatively associated with elevated fasting glucose levels based on a comparison with the normal diet group ( = 0.014). Our findings showed that HCHO intake was strongly associated with a higher risk of MetS, especially elevated blood pressure and triglyceride levels in women, and an HF diet was negatively associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in men. Further prospective studies of the impact of dietary carbohydrate, fat, and protein proportions on metabolic health are needed. The optimal types and proportions of these dietary components, as well as the underlying mechanisms through which suboptimal proportions can lead to MetS, should also be investigated.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一组与心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病相关的代谢紊乱，其病因涉及多种因素。饮食和膳食模式是代谢综合征发生和管理的重要因素。本研究利用 2018 年至 2020 年韩国全国健康和营养检查调查的数据，探讨了膳食模式（即高碳水化合物[HCHO]、高脂肪[HF]和高蛋白[HP]饮食）与韩国人代谢综合征患病率之间的关系。该研究纳入了 9069 名参与者（男性 3777 名，女性 5292 名）。结果显示，与正常饮食组相比，女性 HCHO 饮食组的代谢综合征患病率显著更高。与正常饮食组相比，HCHO 饮食组女性的血压和甘油三酯水平升高（ = 0.032 和 = 0.005）。HF 饮食组男性的空腹血糖水平降低（与正常饮食组相比， = 0.014）。这些发现表明，HCHO 摄入与女性代谢综合征风险增加密切相关，尤其是血压和甘油三酯水平升高，而 HF 饮食与男性空腹血糖水平升高呈负相关。需要进一步开展前瞻性研究，以探讨膳食碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质比例对代谢健康的影响。此外，还应研究这些膳食成分的最佳类型和比例，以及亚最佳比例导致代谢综合征的潜在机制。
