Nadarajah Kalaivani, Abdul Rahman Nur Sabrina Natasha
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 14;12(12):2307. doi: 10.3390/plants12122307.
Microorganisms are an important element in modeling sustainable agriculture. Their role in soil fertility and health is crucial in maintaining plants' growth, development, and yield. Further, microorganisms impact agriculture negatively through disease and emerging diseases. Deciphering the extensive functionality and structural diversity within the plant-soil microbiome is necessary to effectively deploy these organisms in sustainable agriculture. Although both the plant and soil microbiome have been studied over the decades, the efficiency of translating the laboratory and greenhouse findings to the field is largely dependent on the ability of the inoculants or beneficial microorganisms to colonize the soil and maintain stability in the ecosystem. Further, the plant and its environment are two variables that influence the plant and soil microbiome's diversity and structure. Thus, in recent years, researchers have looked into microbiome engineering that would enable them to modify the microbial communities in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the inoculants. The engineering of environments is believed to support resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, plant fitness, and productivity. Population characterization is crucial in microbiome manipulation, as well as in the identification of potential biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. Next-generation sequencing approaches that identify both culturable and non-culturable microbes associated with the soil and plant microbiome have expanded our knowledge in this area. Additionally, genome editing and multidisciplinary omics methods have provided scientists with a framework to engineer dependable and sustainable microbial communities that support high yield, disease resistance, nutrient cycling, and management of stressors. In this review, we present an overview of the role of beneficial microbes in sustainable agriculture, microbiome engineering, translation of this technology to the field, and the main approaches used by laboratories worldwide to study the plant-soil microbiome. These initiatives are important to the advancement of green technologies in agriculture.
微生物是可持续农业建模中的一个重要元素。它们在土壤肥力和健康方面的作用对于维持植物的生长、发育和产量至关重要。此外，微生物会通过病害和新出现的疾病对农业产生负面影响。要在可持续农业中有效利用这些微生物，就必须解读植物 - 土壤微生物组内广泛的功能和结构多样性。尽管几十年来对植物和土壤微生物组都进行了研究，但将实验室和温室研究结果转化到田间的效率在很大程度上取决于接种剂或有益微生物在土壤中定殖并维持生态系统稳定性的能力。此外，植物及其环境是影响植物和土壤微生物组多样性与结构的两个变量。因此，近年来，研究人员一直在探索微生物组工程，以便能够修改微生物群落，从而提高接种剂的效率和效果。人们认为环境工程有助于增强对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性、植物适应性及生产力。群体特征分析在微生物组操控以及潜在生物肥料和生物防治剂的鉴定中至关重要。能够识别与土壤和植物微生物组相关的可培养和不可培养微生物的新一代测序方法拓展了我们在这一领域的知识。此外，基因组编辑和多学科组学方法为科学家提供了一个框架，用于构建可靠且可持续的微生物群落，以支持高产、抗病、养分循环及胁迫管理。在本综述中，我们概述了有益微生物在可持续农业中的作用、微生物组工程、该技术向田间的转化，以及全球实验室用于研究植物 - 土壤微生物组的主要方法。这些举措对农业绿色技术的进步很重要。
