Jang Yu-Ji, Kim Yu-Jin, Vu Huong Thu, Park Jeong-Hui, Shin Seong-Jin, Dashnyam Khandmaa, Knowles Jonathan C, Lee Hae-Hyoung, Jun Soo-Kyung, Han Mi-Ran, Lee Joon-Haeng, Kim Jong-Soo, Kim Jong-Bin, Lee Jung-Hwan, Shin Ji-Sun
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jun 9;15(6):1701. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061701.
Calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) is a pharmaceutical agent that is widely used in dentistry. This bioactive material is used for vital pulp treatment due to its excellent biocompatibility, sealing ability, and antibacterial activity. Its drawbacks include a long setting time and poor maneuverability. Hence, the clinical properties of CSC have recently been improved to decrease its setting time. Despite the widespread clinical usage of CSC, there is no research comparing recently developed CSCs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the physicochemical, biological, and antibacterial properties of four commercial CSCs: two powder-liquid mix types (RetroMTA [RETM]; Endocem MTA Zr [ECZR]) and two premixed types (Well-Root™ PT [WRPT]; Endocem MTA premixed [ECPR]). Each sample was prepared using circular Teflon molds, and tests were conducted after 24 h of setting. The premixed CSCs exhibited a more uniform and less rough surface, higher flowability, and lower film thickness than the powder-liquid mix CSCs. In the pH test, all CSCs showed values between 11.5 and 12.5. In the biological test, cells exposed to ECZR at a concentration of 25% showed greater cell viability, but none of the samples showed a significant difference at low concentration ( > 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase staining revealed that cells exposed to ECZR underwent more odontoblast differentiation than the cells exposed to the other materials; however, no significant difference was observed at a concentration of 12.5% ( > 0.05). In the antibacterial test, the premixed CSCs showed better results than the powder-liquid mix CSCs, and ECPR yielded the best results, followed by WRPT. In conclusion, the premixed CSCs showed improved physical properties, and of the premixed types, ECPR exhibited the highest antibacterial properties. For biological properties, none of these materials showed significant differences at 12.5% dilution. Therefore, ECPR may be a promising material with high antibacterial activity among the four CSCs, but further investigation is needed for clinical situations.
硅酸钙基水门汀（CSC）是一种在牙科领域广泛应用的药剂。这种生物活性材料因其出色的生物相容性、封闭能力和抗菌活性而用于牙髓活力治疗。其缺点包括凝固时间长和操作性差。因此，近来CSC的临床性能已得到改善以缩短其凝固时间。尽管CSC在临床上广泛使用，但尚无研究对最近研发的CSC进行比较。因此，本研究的目的是比较四种市售CSC的物理化学、生物学和抗菌性能：两种粉液混合型（RetroMTA [RETM]；Endocem MTA Zr [ECZR]）和两种预混型（Well-Root™ PT [WRPT]；Endocem MTA预混剂 [ECPR]）。每个样品均使用圆形聚四氟乙烯模具制备，并在凝固24小时后进行测试。与粉液混合型CSC相比，预混型CSC呈现出更均匀、更光滑的表面、更高的流动性和更低的薄膜厚度。在pH测试中，所有CSC的值均介于11.5和12.5之间。在生物学测试中，暴露于浓度为25% 的ECZR的细胞显示出更高的细胞活力，但在低浓度时（> 0.05），没有样品显示出显著差异。碱性磷酸酶染色显示，暴露于ECZR的细胞比暴露于其他材料的细胞经历了更多的成牙本质细胞分化；然而，在浓度为12.5% 时未观察到显著差异（> 0.05）。在抗菌测试中，预混型CSC的结果优于粉液混合型CSC，且ECPR的效果最佳，其次是WRPT。总之，预混型CSC的物理性能有所改善，在预混型中，ECPR表现出最高的抗菌性能。就生物学性能而言，这些材料在12.5% 稀释度下均未显示出显著差异。因此，在这四种CSC中，ECPR可能是一种具有高抗菌活性的有前景的材料，但临床情况还需要进一步研究。
