Leung Janni, Price Daicia, McClure-Thomas Caitlin, Bonsaksen Tore, Ruffolo Mary, Kabelenga Isaac, Lamph Gary, Geirdal Amy Østertun
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jun 10;11(6):1086. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061086.
Vaccinations protect the public against serious diseases or death; however, some individuals are hesitant in obtaining them. We aim to contribute to the understanding of the challenges of vaccination roll-out by examining the motivations, hesitancies, and their associated factors, in obtaining the COVID-19 vaccines two years into the pandemic.
Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in Norway, the USA, the UK, and Australia (N = 1649). The participants self-reported whether they had obtained one of the COVID-19 vaccines. Those who had obtained a vaccine reported the reason for their motivation, and those who had not obtained a vaccine reported the reason for their hesitancies.
More than 80% of the total sample obtained a COVID-19 vaccine because of public health recommendations and trusted that it was safe. Among those who had not obtained one, the most frequent reason was concerns about side effects. Most who obtained the vaccine reported that they believed in science, but many of those who had not obtained one reported distrust. Among those who had not obtained a vaccine, reports of distrust in policies and science were frequent. Concerns about side effects were more common in males and those with lower education, and those living in rural or remote areas.
People who endorsed the vaccine believed that the vaccine reduces the risk of illness, protects the health of others, and had trust in scientific vaccination research. Conversely, the most frequent reason for vaccine hesitancy was concerns about side effects, followed by distrust in healthcare and science. These findings could inform public health strategies that aim to increase vaccination rates.
疫苗接种可保护公众免受严重疾病或死亡的威胁；然而，一些人对接种疫苗犹豫不决。我们旨在通过研究在疫情爆发两年后接种新冠疫苗的动机、犹豫因素及其相关因素，来促进对疫苗推广挑战的理解。
在挪威、美国、英国和澳大利亚开展了横断面在线调查（N = 1649）。参与者自行报告是否接种了新冠疫苗之一。接种了疫苗的人报告其接种动机，未接种疫苗的人报告其犹豫原因。
超过80%的总样本因公共卫生建议而接种了新冠疫苗，并相信其安全性。在未接种疫苗的人中，最常见的原因是担心副作用。大多数接种疫苗的人表示他们相信科学，但许多未接种疫苗的人表示不信任。在未接种疫苗的人中，对政策和科学不信任的报告很常见。担心副作用在男性、受教育程度较低者以及生活在农村或偏远地区的人群中更为普遍。
认可疫苗的人认为疫苗可降低患病风险、保护他人健康，并信任科学的疫苗研究。相反，疫苗犹豫最常见的原因是担心副作用，其次是对医疗保健和科学的不信任。这些发现可为旨在提高疫苗接种率的公共卫生策略提供参考。
