Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
Viruses. 2023 May 31;15(6):1293. doi: 10.3390/v15061293.
Despite their abundance and ecological importance, little is known about the diversity of marine viruses, in part because most cannot be cultured in the laboratory. Here, we used high-throughput viral metagenomics of uncultivated viruses to investigate the dynamics of DNA viruses in tropical seawater sampled from Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia, in March, June, and December 2014. Among the identified viruses, 71-79% were bacteriophages belonging to the families , , and (), listed in order of abundance at all sampling times. Although the measured environmental factors (temperature, salinity, and pH) remained unchanged in the seawater over time, viral dynamics changed. The proportion of cyanophages (34.7%) was highest in June, whereas the proportion of mimiviruses, phycodnaviruses, and other nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) was higher in March and December. Although host species were not analysed, the dramatic viral community change observed in June was likely due to changes in the abundance of cyanophage-infected cyanobacteria, whereas that in NCLDVs was likely due to the abundance of potential eukaryote-infected hosts. These results serve as a basis for comparative analyses of other marine viral communities, and guide policy-making when considering marine life care in Chuuk State.
尽管海洋病毒数量丰富，对生态系统也很重要，但人们对它们的多样性却知之甚少，部分原因是大多数病毒无法在实验室中培养。在这里，我们使用未培养病毒的高通量病毒宏基因组学方法，于 2014 年 3 月、6 月和 12 月，在密克罗尼西亚联邦楚克州采集的热带海水中，调查了 DNA 病毒的动态变化。在所鉴定的病毒中，71-79%属于科、科和科（）的噬菌体，按丰度依次排列，在所有采样时间均有发现。尽管海水中的测量环境因素（温度、盐度和 pH 值）随时间保持不变，但病毒的动态变化却发生了改变。6 月时蓝藻噬菌体（34.7%）的比例最高，而 3 月和 12 月时 mimiviruses、噬藻体和其他核质大 DNA 病毒（NCLDVs）的比例较高。尽管没有分析宿主种类，但 6 月时观察到的病毒群落的剧烈变化可能是由于感染蓝藻的噬藻体丰度发生了变化，而 NCLDVs 的变化则可能是由于潜在真核宿主的丰度发生了变化。这些结果为比较分析其他海洋病毒群落提供了基础，并为在楚克州考虑海洋生物保护政策提供了参考。
