Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nat Rev Chem. 2023 Jul;7(7):462-479. doi: 10.1038/s41570-023-00492-z. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
Interest in photovoltaics (PVs) based on Earth-abundant halide perovskites has increased markedly in recent years owing to the remarkable properties of these materials and their suitability for energy-efficient and scalable solution processing. Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI)-rich perovskite absorbers have emerged as the frontrunners for commercialization, but commercial success is reliant on the stability meeting the highest industrial standards and the photoactive FAPbI phase suffers from instabilities that lead to degradation - an effect that is accelerated under working conditions. Here, we critically assess the current understanding of these phase instabilities and summarize the approaches for stabilizing the desired phases, covering aspects from fundamental research to device engineering. We subsequently analyse the remaining challenges for state-of-the-art perovskite PVs and demonstrate the opportunities to enhance phase stability with ongoing materials discovery and in operando analysis. Finally, we propose future directions towards upscaling perovskite modules, multijunction PVs and other potential applications.
近年来，由于卤化物钙钛矿材料具有显著的性能，且适合高效和可扩展的溶液处理，基于此类材料的光伏（PV）技术引起了广泛关注。富甲脒碘化铅（FAPbI）钙钛矿吸收体已成为商业化的领跑者，但商业成功依赖于满足最高工业标准的稳定性，且光活性 FAPbI 相易发生导致降解的不稳定性，这一效应在工作条件下会加速。在这里，我们批判性地评估了对这些相不稳定性的现有理解，并总结了稳定所需相的方法，涵盖从基础研究到器件工程的各个方面。随后，我们分析了先进钙钛矿 PV 仍存在的挑战，并展示了通过持续的材料发现和原位分析来提高相稳定性的机会。最后，我们针对钙钛矿模块、多结 PV 和其他潜在应用的规模化提出了未来的发展方向。
