Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place #552, Jesup 105, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2023 Jul 13;8(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s41235-023-00500-2.
Across four studies, we examined the how design decisions influenced the effectiveness of fact-checking articles created by CrossCheck France during the 2017 French election. We measured both memory for the article and belief in the false rumor. We saw no difference in fact check efficacy based on the type of headline (question vs negation) or the number of newsroom logos present around the article (one, four, or seven). In addition, informative design features such as an icon identifying the type of misinformation were ignored by readers. Participants failed to remember many of the details from the article, but retrieval practice was beneficial in reducing forgetting over a 1-week delay. In both US and French samples, reading the fact check decreased belief in the false information, even 1 week later. However, the articles were much more effective in the US sample, who lacked relevant prior knowledge and political beliefs. Overall, fact-checking articles can be effective at reducing belief in false information, but readers tend to forget the details and ignore peripheral information.
在四项研究中，我们考察了设计决策如何影响 CrossCheck France 在 2017 年法国选举期间制作的事实核查文章的有效性。我们测量了对文章的记忆和对虚假谣言的信任。我们没有看到基于标题类型（问题与否定）或文章周围出现的新闻室徽标数量（一个、四个或七个）的事实核查效果差异。此外，读者忽略了识别错误信息类型的图标等信息丰富的设计特征。参与者未能记住文章的许多细节，但检索练习有助于减少一周后的遗忘。在美国和法国的样本中，阅读事实核查文章降低了对虚假信息的信任，即使是在一周后。然而，这些文章在美国样本中更有效，因为美国样本缺乏相关的先验知识和政治信仰。总的来说，事实核查文章可以有效地减少对虚假信息的信任，但读者往往会忘记细节并忽略外围信息。
