破除谣言：反驳错误信息的信息在心理功效方面的元分析
Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation.
机构信息
1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
2 The Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania.
出版信息
Psychol Sci. 2017 Nov;28(11):1531-1546. doi: 10.1177/0956797617714579. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
Abstract
This meta-analysis investigated the factors underlying effective messages to counter attitudes and beliefs based on misinformation. Because misinformation can lead to poor decisions about consequential matters and is persistent and difficult to correct, debunking it is an important scientific and public-policy goal. This meta-analysis ( k = 52, N = 6,878) revealed large effects for presenting misinformation ( ds = 2.41-3.08), debunking ( ds = 1.14-1.33), and the persistence of misinformation in the face of debunking ( ds = 0.75-1.06). Persistence was stronger and the debunking effect was weaker when audiences generated reasons in support of the initial misinformation. A detailed debunking message correlated positively with the debunking effect. Surprisingly, however, a detailed debunking message also correlated positively with the misinformation-persistence effect.
摘要
本荟萃分析研究了基于错误信息的有效信息以对抗态度和信念的背后因素。由于错误信息可能导致对重要事项的错误决策，并且具有持久性和难以纠正，因此揭穿它是一个重要的科学和公共政策目标。本荟萃分析（ k = 52，N = 6878）表明，呈现错误信息（ ds = 2.41-3.08）、揭穿（ ds = 1.14-1.33）以及在揭穿面前错误信息的持久性（ ds = 0.75-1.06）都具有较大的效果。当受众生成支持初始错误信息的理由时，持久性更强，揭穿效果更弱。详细的揭穿信息与揭穿效果呈正相关。然而，令人惊讶的是，详细的揭穿信息也与错误信息持久性效应呈正相关。
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