Gonçalves Bruna F, Sousa Viviana, Virtuoso José, Modin Evgeny, Lebedev Oleg I, Botelho Gabriela, Sadewasser Sascha, Salonen Laura M, Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu, Kolen'ko Yury V
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jun 23;13(13):1920. doi: 10.3390/nano13131920.
During the last few decades, major advances have been made in photovoltaic systems based on Cu(In,Ga)Se chalcopyrite. However, the most efficient photovoltaic cells are processed under high-energy-demanding vacuum conditions. To lower the costs and facilitate high-throughput production, printing/coating processes are proving to be effective solutions. This work combined printing, coating, and chemical bath deposition processes of photoabsorber, buffer, and transparent conductive layers for the development of solution-processed photovoltaic systems. Using a sustainable approach, all inks were formulated using water and ethanol as solvents. Screen printing of the photoabsorber on fluorine-doped tin-oxide-coated glass followed by selenization, chemical bath deposition of the cadmium sulfide buffer, and final sputtering of the intrinsic zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide top conductive layers delivered a 6.6% maximum efficiency solar cell, a record for screen-printed Cu(In,Ga)Se solar cells. On the other hand, the all-non-vacuum-processed device with spray-coated intrinsic zinc-oxide- and tin-doped indium oxide top conductive layers delivered a 2.2% efficiency. The given approaches represent relevant steps towards the fabrication of sustainable and efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se solar cells.
在过去几十年中，基于铜铟镓硒（Cu(In,Ga)Se）黄铜矿的光伏系统取得了重大进展。然而，最有效的光伏电池是在高能量需求的真空条件下加工的。为了降低成本并促进高通量生产，印刷/涂布工艺被证明是有效的解决方案。这项工作结合了光吸收层、缓冲层和透明导电层的印刷、涂布以及化学浴沉积工艺，以开发溶液处理的光伏系统。采用可持续方法，所有油墨均以水和乙醇作为溶剂配制。在氟掺杂氧化锡涂层玻璃上丝网印刷光吸收层，随后进行硒化处理，化学浴沉积硫化镉缓冲层，最后溅射本征氧化锌和铝掺杂氧化锌顶部导电层，得到了最高效率为6.6%的太阳能电池，这是丝网印刷Cu(In,Ga)Se太阳能电池的一项记录。另一方面，采用喷涂本征氧化锌和铟掺杂氧化锡顶部导电层的全非真空处理器件效率为2.2%。所给出的方法是朝着制造可持续且高效的Cu(In,Ga)Se太阳能电池迈出的重要一步。
