Fincheira Paola, Hoffmann Nicolas, Tortella Gonzalo, Ruiz Antonieta, Cornejo Pablo, Diez María Cristina, Seabra Amedea B, Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto, Rubilar Olga
Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jun 29;13(13):1978. doi: 10.3390/nano13131978.
The excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers has generated losses in biological diversity, environmental pollution, and harmful effects on human health. Under this context, nanotechnology constitutes an innovative tool to alleviate these problems. Notably, applying nanocarriers as controlled release systems (CRSs) for agrochemicals can overcome the limitations of conventional products. A CRS for agrochemicals is an eco-friendly strategy for the ecosystem and human health. Nanopesticides based on synthetic and natural polymers, nanoemulsions, lipid nanoparticles, and nanofibers reduce phytopathogens and plant diseases. Nanoproducts designed with an environmentally responsive, controlled release offer great potential to create formulations that respond to specific environmental stimuli. The formulation of nanofertilizers is focused on enhancing the action of nutrients and growth stimulators, which show an improved nutrient release with site-specific action using nanohydroxyapatite, nanoclays, chitosan nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and amorphous calcium phosphate. However, despite the noticeable results for nanopesticides and nanofertilizers, research still needs to be improved. Here, we review the relevant antecedents in this topic and discuss limitations and future challenges.
农药和化肥的过度使用已导致生物多样性丧失、环境污染，并对人类健康产生有害影响。在此背景下，纳米技术成为缓解这些问题的创新工具。值得注意的是，将纳米载体用作农用化学品的控释系统（CRS）可以克服传统产品的局限性。农用化学品的CRS对生态系统和人类健康而言是一种环保策略。基于合成和天然聚合物、纳米乳液、脂质纳米颗粒和纳米纤维的纳米农药可减少植物病原体和植物病害。设计成具有环境响应性、控释功能的纳米产品具有巨大潜力，可创造出能响应特定环境刺激的制剂。纳米肥料的配方侧重于增强养分和生长刺激剂的作用，使用纳米羟基磷灰石、纳米粘土、壳聚糖纳米颗粒、介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒和无定形磷酸钙可实现具有位点特异性作用的养分释放改善。然而，尽管纳米农药和纳米肥料取得了显著成果，但研究仍有待改进。在此，我们回顾该主题的相关先例，并讨论局限性和未来挑战。
