Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sauletekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Molecules. 2023 Jun 22;28(13):4928. doi: 10.3390/molecules28134928.
The phytochemistry of fibre hemp ( L., cv. Futura 75 and Felina 32) cultivated in Lithuania was investigated. The soil characteristics (conductivity, pH and major elements) of the cultivation field were determined. The chemical composition of hemp extracts and essential oils (EOs) from different plant parts was determined by the HPLC/DAD/TOF and GC/MS techniques. Among the major constituents, -caryophyllene (≤46.64%) and its oxide (≤14.53%), -pinene (≤20.25%) or -humulene (≤11.48) were determined in EOs. Cannabidiol (CBD) was a predominant compound (≤64.56%) among the volatile constituents of the methanolic extracts of hemp leaves and inflorescences. Appreciable quantities of 2-monolinolein (11.31%), methyl eicosatetraenoate (9.70%) and -sitosterol (8.99%) were detected in hemp seed extracts. The octadecenyl ester of hexadecenoic acid (≤31.27%), friedelan-3-one (≤21.49%), dihydrobenzofuran (≤17.07%) and -sitosterol (14.03%) were major constituents of the methanolic extracts of hemp roots, collected during various growth stages. The CBD quantity was the highest in hemp flower extracts in pentane (32.73%). The amounts of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) were up to 24.21% in hemp leaf extracts. The total content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) isomers was the highest in hemp flower pentane extracts (≤22.43%). The total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 187.9 to 924.7 (average means, mg/L of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)) in aqueous unshelled hemp seed and flower extracts, respectively. The TPC was determined to be up to 321.0 (mg/L GAE) in root extracts. The antioxidant activity (AA) of hemp extracts and Eos was tested by the spectrophotometric DPPH scavenging activity method. The highest AA was recorded for hemp leaf EOs (from 15.034 to 35.036 mmol/L, TROLOX equivalent). In the case of roots, the highest AA (1.556 mmol/L, TROLOX) was found in the extracts of roots collected at the seed maturation stage. The electrochemical (cyclic and square wave voltammetry) assays correlated with the TPC. The hydrogen-peroxide-scavenging activity of extracts was independent of the TPC.
研究了在立陶宛种植的纤维大麻（L.，cv. Futura 75 和 Felina 32）的植物化学。测定了种植田的土壤特性（电导率、pH 值和主要元素）。采用 HPLC/DAD/TOF 和 GC/MS 技术测定了不同植物部位的大麻提取物和精油（EOs）的化学成分。在 EOs 中，确定了主要成分 - 石竹烯（≤46.64%）及其氧化物（≤14.53%）、- 蒎烯（≤20.25%）或 - 葎草烯（≤11.48%）。在大麻叶和花序的甲醇提取物中，大麻素的主要化合物是大麻二酚（CBD）（≤64.56%）。在大麻籽油提取物中，检测到相当数量的 2-单亚油酸酯（11.31%）、二十碳四烯酸甲酯（9.70%）和 - 谷甾醇（8.99%）。在根的甲醇提取物中，主要成分是十八碳烯基十六烷酸酯（≤31.27%）、佛得酮（≤21.49%）、二氢苯并呋喃（≤17.07%）和 - 谷甾醇（14.03%），这些提取物是在不同生长阶段采集的。在戊烷中，大麻花提取物中的 CBD 含量最高（32.73%）。在大麻叶提取物中，大麻二酚酸（CBDA）的含量高达 24.21%。在大麻花戊烷提取物中，四氢大麻酚（THC）异构体的总含量最高（≤22.43%）。水不脱壳大麻籽和花提取物的总酚含量（TPC）分别在 187.9 至 924.7（平均均值，mg/L 没食子酸当量（GAE））之间变化。在根提取物中，TPC 最高可达 321.0（mg/L GAE）。采用分光光度 DPPH 清除活性法测定了大麻提取物和 Eos 的抗氧化活性（AA）。大麻叶 EOs 的 AA 最高（15.034 至 35.036mmol/L，TROLOX 当量）。在根部的情况下，在种子成熟阶段采集的根部提取物中发现 AA 最高（1.556mmol/L，TROLOX）。电化学（循环和方波伏安法）分析与 TPC 相关。提取物的过氧化氢清除活性与 TPC 无关。
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