Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Cross-Faculty Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Muscle Nerve. 2023 Oct;68(4):464-470. doi: 10.1002/mus.27937. Epub 2023 Jul 21.
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Electromyography (EMG) remains a key component of the diagnostic work-up for suspected neuromuscular disease, but it does not provide insight into the molecular composition of muscle which can provide diagnostic information. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging neuromuscular biomarker capable of generating highly specific, molecular fingerprints of tissue. Here, we present "optical EMG," a combination of EMG and Raman spectroscopy, achieved using a single needle.
An optical EMG needle was created to collect electrophysiological and Raman spectroscopic data during a single insertion. We tested functionality with in vivo recordings in the SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), using both transgenic (n = 10) and non-transgenic (NTg, n = 7) mice. Under anesthesia, compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), spontaneous EMG activity and Raman spectra were recorded from both gastrocnemius muscles with the optical EMG needle. Standard concentric EMG needle recordings were also undertaken. Electrophysiological data were analyzed with standard univariate statistics, Raman data with both univariate and multivariate analyses.
A significant difference in CMAP amplitude was observed between SOD1 and NTg mice with optical EMG and standard concentric needles (p = .015 and p = .011, respectively). Spontaneous EMG activity (positive sharp waves) was detected in transgenic SOD1 mice only. Raman spectra demonstrated peaks associated with key muscle components. Significant differences in molecular composition between SOD1 and NTg muscle were identified through the Raman spectra.
Optical EMG can provide standard electrophysiological data and molecular Raman data during a single needle insertion and represents a potential biomarker for neuromuscular disease.
简介/目的：肌电图（EMG）仍然是疑似神经肌肉疾病诊断的重要组成部分，但它不能深入了解肌肉的分子组成，而肌肉的分子组成可以提供诊断信息。拉曼光谱是一种新兴的神经肌肉生物标志物，能够生成组织的高度特异性分子指纹。在这里，我们提出了“光学 EMG”，这是一种结合 EMG 和拉曼光谱的方法，使用一根针即可实现。
我们创建了一根光学 EMG 针，以便在单次插入过程中同时收集电生理和拉曼光谱数据。我们使用 SOD1 肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）小鼠模型进行了体内测试，包括转基因（n=10）和非转基因（NTg，n=7）小鼠。在麻醉状态下，使用光学 EMG 针从两只腓肠肌中记录复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）、自发性 EMG 活动和拉曼光谱。还进行了标准同心 EMG 针记录。使用标准单变量统计方法分析电生理数据，使用单变量和多变量分析方法分析拉曼数据。
光学 EMG 和标准同心针均观察到 SOD1 和 NTg 小鼠之间 CMAP 幅度有显著差异（p=0.015 和 p=0.011）。只有转基因 SOD1 小鼠中检测到自发性 EMG 活动（阳性锐波）。拉曼光谱显示出与关键肌肉成分相关的峰。通过拉曼光谱鉴定出 SOD1 和 NTg 肌肉之间的分子组成存在显著差异。
光学 EMG 可以在单次针插入过程中提供标准电生理数据和分子拉曼数据，是神经肌肉疾病的潜在生物标志物。
