Vilhelmova-Ilieva Neli Milenova, Nikolova Ivanka Nikolova, Nikolova Nadya Yordanova, Petrova Zdravka Dimitrova, Trepechova Madlena Stephanova, Holechek Dora Ilieva, Todorova Mina Mihaylova, Topuzova Mariyana Georgieva, Ivanov Ivan Georgiev, Tumbarski Yulian Dimitrov
Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Institute of Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 25 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jul 23;13(7):1611. doi: 10.3390/life13071611.
Propolis is a natural mixture of resins, wax, and pollen from plant buds and flowers, enriched with enzymes and bee saliva. It also contains various essential oils, vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements, hormones, and ferments. It has been found that propolis possesses antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. We have studied the antiviral activity of six extracts of Bulgarian propolis collected from six districts of Bulgaria. The study was conducted against structurally different viruses: human coronavirus strain OC-43 (HCoV OC-43) and human respiratory syncytial virus type 2 (HRSV-2) (enveloped RNA viruses), human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (enveloped DNA virus), human rhinovirus type 14 (HRV-14) (non-enveloped RNA virus) and human adenovirus type 5 (HadV-5) (non-enveloped DNA virus). The influence of the extracts on the internal replicative cycle of viruses was determined using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition test. The virucidal activity, its impact on the stage of viral adsorption to the host cell, and its protective effect on healthy cells were evaluated using the final dilution method, making them the focal points of interest. The change in viral infectivity under the action of propolis extracts was compared with untreated controls, and Δlgs were determined. Most propolis samples administered during the viral replicative cycle demonstrated the strongest activity against HCoV OC-43 replication. The influence of propolis extracts on the viability of extracellular virions was expressed to a different degree in the various viruses studied, and the effect was significantly stronger in those with an envelope. Almost all extracts significantly inhibited the adsorption step of the herpes virus and, to a less extent, of the coronavirus to the host cell, and some of them applied before viral infection demonstrated a protective effect on healthy cells. Our results enlarge the knowledge about the action of propolis and could open new perspectives for its application in viral infection treatment.
蜂胶是树脂、蜡以及来自植物芽和花的花粉的天然混合物，富含酶和蜜蜂唾液。它还含有各种精油、维生素、矿物盐、微量元素、激素和酵素。已发现蜂胶具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗炎特性。我们研究了从保加利亚六个地区采集的六种保加利亚蜂胶提取物的抗病毒活性。该研究针对结构不同的病毒进行：人类冠状病毒OC-43株（HCoV OC-43）和人类呼吸道合胞病毒2型（HRSV-2）（包膜RNA病毒）、人类单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）（包膜DNA病毒）、人类鼻病毒14型（HRV-14）（非包膜RNA病毒）和人类腺病毒5型（HadV-5）（非包膜DNA病毒）。使用细胞病变效应（CPE）抑制试验确定提取物对病毒内部复制周期的影响。使用最终稀释法评估杀病毒活性、其对病毒吸附到宿主细胞阶段的影响以及对健康细胞的保护作用，使其成为关注的焦点。将蜂胶提取物作用下病毒感染性的变化与未处理的对照进行比较，并确定Δlgs。在病毒复制周期中施用的大多数蜂胶样品对HCoV OC-43复制表现出最强的活性。蜂胶提取物对细胞外病毒粒子活力的影响在各种研究的病毒中表现出不同程度，并且在有包膜的病毒中作用明显更强。几乎所有提取物都显著抑制疱疹病毒以及在较小程度上抑制冠状病毒对宿主细胞的吸附步骤，并且其中一些在病毒感染前施用对健康细胞表现出保护作用。我们的结果扩展了关于蜂胶作用的知识，并可能为其在病毒感染治疗中的应用开辟新的前景。
