Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jun 24;59(7):1191. doi: 10.3390/medicina59071191.
Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) is a monthlong practice in which Muslims fast during the whole day from sunrise to sunset. During this month, fasting people change their dietary behavior and alter their eating hours from day to night. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of RIF on dietary consumption, anthropometric indices, and metabolic markers in healthy premenopausal (PRE-M) and postmenopausal (POST-M) Saudi women. The study included 62 women (31 PRE-M, 21-42 years, and 31 POST-M, 43-68 years). A structured questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic data. Physical activity, anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical assessments were assessed before and at the end of the third week of Ramadan. Socioeconomic data varied among participants. For both groups, observing RIF was associated with significantly (at either ≤ 0.01 or ≤ 0.05) lower intake of calories, macronutrients, minerals (excluding Na), and vitamins than before RIF. For the PRE-M group, the percentage of overweight participants decreased significantly ( ≤ 0.01) during Ramadan, while the percentage of obese participants remained unchanged. In contrast, for the POST-M group, the percentage of overweight participants increased significantly ( ≤ 0.05) during Ramadan, but dropped at the end of Ramadan. Following RIF, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat, and fat mass (FM) decreased in both groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were generally maintained at acceptable normal levels in most participants before and at the end of RIF. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at the end of RIF was significantly lower than before, particularly in POST-M women. Age, occupation, and monthly income were the most important predictors for the changes in nutritional status and body fat upon RIF. : observing RIF by PRE-M and POST-M Saudi women was associated with significant improvements in variable health indicators, with a few exceptions, and may help lower risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly among POST-M women. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to determine and confirm the exact effect of RIF on these groups.
斋月间歇性禁食（RIF）是穆斯林在整个白天从日出到日落禁食的一个月的做法。在这个月里，禁食的人改变了他们的饮食行为，并将他们的进食时间从白天改为晚上。本研究的目的是探讨 RIF 对健康绝经前（PRE-M）和绝经后（POST-M）沙特女性的饮食摄入、人体测量指标和代谢标志物的影响。该研究纳入了 62 名女性（PRE-M 组 31 人，年龄 21-42 岁；POST-M 组 31 人，年龄 43-68 岁）。使用结构化问卷收集社会经济数据。在斋月前和第三周结束时评估身体活动、人体测量、饮食和生化指标。参与者的社会经济数据存在差异。对于两个组，在 RIF 前后，观察到 RIF 与显著（≤0.01 或≤0.05）较低的卡路里、宏量营养素、矿物质（不包括 Na）和维生素摄入有关。对于 PRE-M 组，在斋月期间，超重参与者的比例显著下降（≤0.01），而肥胖参与者的比例保持不变。相比之下，对于 POST-M 组，在斋月期间，超重参与者的比例显著增加（≤0.05），但在斋月结束时下降。在 RIF 之后，两组的腰臀比、体脂肪和脂肪量（FM）都有所下降。大多数参与者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三酯（TG）和血压（SBP、DBP）在 RIF 前后均保持在可接受的正常水平。然而，在 RIF 结束时 LDL-C 显著低于 RIF 前，尤其是在 POST-M 女性中。年龄、职业和月收入是 RIF 后营养状况和体脂肪变化的最重要预测因素。总之，PRE-M 和 POST-M 沙特女性遵守 RIF 与多种健康指标的显著改善有关，但也有一些例外，这可能有助于降低慢性病的风险因素，特别是在 POST-M 女性中。然而，需要更大样本量的进一步研究来确定和确认 RIF 对这些群体的确切影响。
