Barry Simone C L, Franke Candice, Mulaudzi Takalani, Pokpas Keagan, Ajayi Rachel Fanelwa
SensorLab Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Biotechnology Department, Life Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Jun 29;14(7):1334. doi: 10.3390/mi14071334.
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antidepressants used for the treatment of moderate to severe depressive disorder, personality disorders and various phobias. This class of antidepressants was created with improved margins of safety. However, genetic polymorphism may be responsible for the high variability in patients' responses to treatment, ranging from failure to delayed therapeutic responses to severe adverse effects of treatment. It is crucial that the appropriate amount of SSRI drugs is administered to ensure the optimum therapeutic efficacy and intervention to minimise severe and toxic effects in patients, which may be the result of accidental and deliberate cases of poisoning. Determining SSRI concentration in human fluids and the environment with high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and at a low cost and real-time monitoring, is imperative. Electrochemical sensors with advanced functional materials have drawn the attention of researchers as a result of these advantages over conventional techniques. This review article aims to present functional materials such as polymers, carbon nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials as well as composites for surface modification of electrodes for sensitive detection and quantification of SSRIs, including fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline. Sensor fabrication, sensor/analyte interactions, design rationale and properties of functional material and the electrocatalytic effect of the modified electrode on SSRI detection are discussed.
选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）是最常用的一类抗抑郁药，用于治疗中度至重度抑郁症、人格障碍和各种恐惧症。这类抗抑郁药的安全性更高。然而，基因多态性可能是导致患者治疗反应差异较大的原因，这些差异包括治疗无效、治疗反应延迟以及出现严重的治疗不良反应。至关重要的是，要给予患者适量的SSRI药物，以确保最佳治疗效果，并采取干预措施将患者可能因意外或故意中毒而出现的严重和毒性反应降至最低。必须以高灵敏度、特异性和可重复性，低成本且实时监测的方式测定人体体液和环境中的SSRI浓度。由于具有优于传统技术的这些优势，具有先进功能材料的电化学传感器已引起研究人员的关注。这篇综述文章旨在介绍聚合物、碳纳米材料、金属纳米材料以及复合材料等功能材料，用于电极表面改性，以灵敏检测和定量包括氟西汀、西酞普兰、帕罗西汀、氟伏沙明和舍曲林在内的SSRI。讨论了传感器的制备、传感器与分析物的相互作用、功能材料的设计原理和特性以及修饰电极对SSRI检测的电催化作用。
