Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
Physiol Res. 2023 Jul 31;72(Suppl 2):S73-S90. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935109.
The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, is related to many factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and aging populations. However, the interconnection between these diseases is not entirely clear, and it is unknown whether common mechanisms underlie these conditions. Moreover, there are currently no fully effective therapies for obesity and neurodegeneration. While there has been extensive research in preclinical models addressing these issues, the experimental findings have not been translated to the clinic. Another challenge relates to the time of onset of individual diseases, which may not be easily identified, since there are no specific indicators or biomarkers that define disease onset. Hence knowing when to commence preventive treatment is unclear. This is especially pertinent in neurodegenerative diseases, where the onset of the disease may be subtle and occur decades before the signs and symptoms manifest. In metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the risk may occur in-utero, in line with the concept of fetal programming. This review provides a brief overview of the link between obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential common mechanisms including the role of the gut microbiome.
全球范围内肥胖症以及心血管和神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）的发病率不断上升，这与许多因素有关，包括不健康的生活方式和人口老龄化。然而，这些疾病之间的相互联系并不完全清楚，也不知道这些病症是否存在共同的发病机制。此外，目前还没有针对肥胖症和神经退行性疾病的完全有效的治疗方法。虽然在针对这些问题的临床前模型中已经进行了广泛的研究，但实验结果尚未转化为临床应用。另一个挑战涉及到个体疾病的发病时间，由于没有明确界定疾病起始的特定指标或生物标志物，因此可能难以确定疾病的发病时间。因此，何时开始预防性治疗尚不清楚。这在神经退行性疾病中尤为重要，因为疾病的发病可能很微妙，并且可能在出现迹象和症状之前几十年就开始了。在代谢和心血管疾病中，风险可能在子宫内发生，这与胎儿编程的概念是一致的。本文简要概述了肥胖症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病之间的联系，并讨论了包括肠道微生物组在内的潜在共同发病机制。
