Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2024;284:231-265. doi: 10.1007/164_2023_685.
Nanoparticles interact with immune cells in many different ways. These interactions are crucially important for determining nanoparticles' ability to be used for cancer therapy. Traditionally, strategies such as PEGylation have been employed to reduce (the kinetics of) nanoparticle uptake by immune cells, to endow them with long circulation properties, and to enable them to exploit the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect to accumulate in tumors. More recently, with immunotherapy becoming an increasingly important cornerstone in the clinical management of cancer, ever more research efforts in academia and industry are focusing on specifically targeting immune cells with nanoparticles. In this chapter, we describe the barriers and opportunities of immune cell targeting with nanoparticles, and we discuss how nanoparticle-based drug delivery to specific immune cell populations in tumors as well as in secondary myeloid and lymphoid organs (such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen) can be leveraged to boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
纳米颗粒以多种不同的方式与免疫细胞相互作用。这些相互作用对于确定纳米颗粒用于癌症治疗的能力至关重要。传统上，采用 PEGylation 等策略来降低免疫细胞摄取纳米颗粒的动力学，赋予它们长循环特性，并使它们能够利用增强的渗透性和保留（EPR）效应在肿瘤中积累。最近，随着免疫疗法成为癌症临床管理中越来越重要的基石，学术界和工业界越来越多的研究努力都集中在利用纳米颗粒特异性靶向免疫细胞上。在本章中，我们描述了用纳米颗粒靶向免疫细胞的障碍和机遇，我们还讨论了如何利用基于纳米颗粒的药物递送到肿瘤中的特定免疫细胞群体以及骨髓、淋巴结和脾脏等次级髓样和淋巴器官，以提高癌症免疫疗法的疗效。
