Nguyen Ho Phuong Thuy, Ha Pham Bich Tram, Tong Thao, Bramer Wichor M, Hofman Amy, Lubans David Revalds, Vernooij Meike W, Rodriguez-Ayllon María
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam.
Sports Med. 2023 Nov;53(11):2171-2190. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01895-0. Epub 2023 Aug 19.
Physical activity has been suggested as a protective factor against psychiatric symptoms. While numerous studies have focused on the magnitude of physical activity's effect on psychiatric symptoms, few have examined the potential mechanisms.
The current review aimed to synthesize scientific evidence of the mechanisms through which physical activity might reduce psychiatric symptoms across the lifespan.
We included articles that were published before March 2022 from five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane). A qualitative synthesis of studies was conducted. The risk of bias assessment was performed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. Studies were included if they explored the possible mechanisms through which physical activity influences psychiatric symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms) across the lifespan.
A total of 22 articles were included (three randomized controlled trials, four non-randomized controlled trials, three prospective longitudinal studies, and 12 cross-sectional studies). Overall, most of the studies focused on children, adolescents, and young adults. Our findings showed that self-esteem, self-concept, and self-efficacy were the only consistent paths through which physical activity influences psychiatric symptoms (specifically depressive and anxiety symptoms) across the lifespan. There were insufficient studies to determine the role of neurobiological mechanisms.
Overall, future physical activity interventions with the purpose of improving mental health should consider these mechanisms (self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy) to develop more effective interventions.
The protocol of this study was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42021239440) and published in April 2022.
体育活动被认为是预防精神症状的保护因素。虽然众多研究聚焦于体育活动对精神症状影响的程度，但很少有研究探讨其潜在机制。
本综述旨在综合科学证据，以阐明体育活动在整个生命周期中减轻精神症状的机制。
我们纳入了2022年3月之前发表于五个电子数据库（MEDLINE、科学网、心理学文摘数据库、Embase和考克兰图书馆）的文章。对研究进行了定性综合分析。使用乔安娜·布里格斯循证卫生保健中心系统评价关键评价工具进行偏倚风险评估。纳入的研究需探讨体育活动在整个生命周期中影响精神症状（即内化和外化症状）的可能机制。
共纳入22篇文章（三项随机对照试验、四项非随机对照试验、三项前瞻性纵向研究和12项横断面研究）。总体而言，大多数研究聚焦于儿童、青少年和青年。我们的研究结果表明，自尊、自我概念和自我效能是体育活动在整个生命周期中影响精神症状（特别是抑郁和焦虑症状）的唯一一致途径。尚无足够的研究来确定神经生物学机制的作用。
总体而言，未来旨在改善心理健康的体育活动干预措施应考虑这些机制（自尊、自我概念、自我效能），以制定更有效的干预措施。
本研究方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）数据库中注册（注册号CRD42021239440），并于2022年4月发表。
