Chauwa Adriace, Bosomprah Samuel, Laban Natasha Makabilo, Phiri Bernard, Chibuye Mwelwa, Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya, Munsaka Sody, Simuyandi Michelo, Mwape Innocent, Mubanga Cynthia, Chobe Masuzyo Chirwa, Chisenga Caroline, Chilengi Roma
Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jul 31;11(8):1303. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11081303.
Live-attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccines have significantly reduced rotavirus-associated diarrhoea morbidity and infant mortality. However, vaccine immunogenicity is diminished in low-income countries. We investigated whether maternal and infant intrinsic susceptibility to rotavirus infection via histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profiles influenced rotavirus (ROTARIX) vaccine-induced responses in Zambia. We studied 135 mother-infant pairs under a rotavirus vaccine clinical trial, with infants aged 6 to 12 weeks at pre-vaccination up to 12 months old. We determined maternal and infant ABO/H, Lewis, and secretor HBGA phenotypes, and infant FUT2 HBGA genotypes. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured as anti-rotavirus IgA antibody titres. Overall, 34 (31.3%) children were seroconverted at 14 weeks, and no statistically significant difference in seroconversion was observed across the various HBGA profiles in early infant life. We also observed a statistically significant difference in rotavirus-IgA titres across infant HBGA profiles at 12 months, though no statistically significant difference was observed between the study arms. There was no association between maternal HBGA profiles and infant vaccine immunogenicity. Overall, infant HBGAs were associated with RV vaccine immunogenicity at 12 months as opposed to in early infant life. Further investigation into the low efficacy of ROTARIX and appropriate intervention is key to unlocking the full vaccine benefits for U5 children.
减毒活口服轮状病毒疫苗已显著降低了轮状病毒相关腹泻的发病率和婴儿死亡率。然而，在低收入国家，疫苗的免疫原性会降低。我们调查了母婴通过组织血型抗原（HBGA）谱对轮状病毒感染的内在易感性是否会影响赞比亚的轮状病毒（ROTARIX）疫苗诱导的反应。我们在一项轮状病毒疫苗临床试验中研究了135对母婴，婴儿在接种疫苗前年龄为6至12周，直至12个月大。我们确定了母婴的ABO/H、Lewis和分泌型HBGA表型，以及婴儿的FUT2 HBGA基因型。疫苗免疫原性通过抗轮状病毒IgA抗体滴度来衡量。总体而言，34名（31.3%）儿童在14周时血清转化，在婴儿早期生活的各种HBGA谱中，血清转化未观察到统计学上的显著差异。我们还观察到在12个月时，不同婴儿HBGA谱的轮状病毒-IgA滴度存在统计学上的显著差异，尽管在各研究组之间未观察到统计学上的显著差异。母亲的HBGA谱与婴儿疫苗免疫原性之间没有关联。总体而言，与婴儿早期生活相比，婴儿的HBGA在12个月时与RV疫苗免疫原性相关联。进一步研究ROTARIX的低效力及适当干预措施，是为5岁以下儿童充分发挥疫苗益处的关键。
