Zhuang Li, Ye Zhaoyang, Li Linsheng, Yang Ling, Gong Wenping
Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jul 31;11(8):1304. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11081304.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by (MTB), is a prevalent global infectious disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Currently, the only available vaccine for TB prevention is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, BCG demonstrates limited efficacy, particularly in adults. Efforts to develop effective TB vaccines have been ongoing for nearly a century. In this review, we have examined the current obstacles in TB vaccine research and emphasized the significance of understanding the interaction mechanism between MTB and hosts in order to provide new avenues for research and establish a solid foundation for the development of novel vaccines. We have also assessed various TB vaccine candidates, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, and the emerging mRNA vaccines as well as virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines, which are currently in preclinical stages or clinical trials. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges and opportunities associated with developing different types of TB vaccines and outlined future directions for TB vaccine research, aiming to expedite the development of effective vaccines. This comprehensive review offers a summary of the progress made in the field of novel TB vaccines.
由结核分枝杆菌（MTB）引起的结核病（TB）是一种全球流行的传染病，也是全球主要的死亡原因。目前，唯一可用于预防结核病的疫苗是卡介苗（BCG）。然而，卡介苗的疗效有限，尤其是在成年人中。开发有效的结核病疫苗的努力已经持续了近一个世纪。在这篇综述中，我们研究了结核病疫苗研究目前面临的障碍，并强调了理解MTB与宿主之间相互作用机制的重要性，以便为研究提供新途径，并为新型疫苗的开发奠定坚实基础。我们还评估了各种结核病候选疫苗，包括灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、DNA疫苗、新兴的mRNA疫苗以及基于病毒样颗粒（VLP）的疫苗，这些疫苗目前正处于临床前阶段或临床试验阶段。此外，我们讨论了开发不同类型结核病疫苗所面临的挑战和机遇，并概述了结核病疫苗研究的未来方向，旨在加快有效疫苗的开发。这篇全面的综述总结了新型结核病疫苗领域取得的进展。
