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A Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Neuronally Generated Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Changes.

作者信息

Brazdzionis James, Radwan Mohamed M, Thankam Finosh, Rajesh Lal Merlin, Baron David, Connett David A, Agrawal Devendra K, Miulli Dan E

机构信息

Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA.

Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA.

出版信息

Cureus. 2023 Jul 27;15(7):e42544. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42544. eCollection 2023 Jul.


DOI:10.7759/cureus.42544
PMID:37637613
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460141/
Abstract

Background and objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with aberrations in neural circuitry attributable to the pathology resulting in electromagnetic field (EMF) changes. These changes have been evaluated in a variety of settings including through novel induction sensors with an ultra-portable shielded helmet and EMF channels with differences identified by comparing pre-injury and post-injury states. Modulation of the EMF has undergone cursory evaluation in neurologic conditions but has not yet been fully evaluated for clinical effects in treatment. Target EMF stimulation using EMF-related changes preoperatively to postoperatively has not yet been attempted and has not been completed using induction sensor technology. Our objectives in this study were twofold: we wanted to test the hypothesis that targeted stimulation using an EMF signal generator and stimulator to abnormal thresholds identified by real-time measurement of EMFs may enable early resolution of EMF changes and treatment of the TBI as modeled through controlled cortical impact (CCI); we also aimed to assess the feasibility of attempting this using real-time measurements with an EMF shielded helmet with EMF channels and non-contact, non-invasive induction sensors with attached EMF transmitters in real-time. Methods A singular Yucatan miniswine was obtained and baseline EMF recordings were obtained. A CCI of TBI and postoperative assessment of cortical EMF in a non-invasive, non-contact fashion were completed. Alterations in EMF were evaluated and EMF stimulation using those abnormal frequencies was completed using multiple treatments involving three minutes of EMF stimulation at abnormal frequencies. Stimulation thresholds of 2.5 Hz, 3.5 Hz, and 5.5 Hz with 1 V signal intensity were evaluated using sinusoidal waves. Additionally, stimulation thresholds using differing offsets to the sine wave at -500 mV, 0 mV, and 500 mv were assessed. Daily EMF and post-stimulation EMF measurements were recorded. EMF patterns were then assessed using an artificial intelligence (AI) model. Results AI modeling appropriately identified differences in EMF signal in pre-injury, post-injury, and post-stimulation states. EMF stimulation using a positive offset of 500 mV appeared to have maximal beneficial effects in return to baseline. Similarly targeted stimulation using thresholds of 2.5 Hz and 5.5 Hz with a positive 500 mV offset at 1 V allowed for recovery of EMF patterns post-injury towards patterns seen in baseline EMF measurements on stimulation day seven (postoperative day 17). Conclusion Stimulation of neural circuits with targeted EMF in a sinusoidal pattern with targeted thresholds after measurement with induction sensors with shielding isolated to a Mu-metal and copper mesh helmet and EMF channels is efficacious in promoting neuronal circuit recovery to preoperative baselines in the TBI miniswine model. Similarly, our findings confirm the appropriateness of this translational model in the evaluation of brain neuronal circuit EMF and that preoperative and post-trauma differences can be appropriately assessed with this technology.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/175064cf2b60/cureus-0015-00000042544-i16.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/ec77b167b2f9/cureus-0015-00000042544-i01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/233dfaee32a5/cureus-0015-00000042544-i02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/f70efeda5855/cureus-0015-00000042544-i03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/101965226919/cureus-0015-00000042544-i04.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/54273d00c2d7/cureus-0015-00000042544-i05.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/f3f9fc09ee7c/cureus-0015-00000042544-i06.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/5ffb18fb7c08/cureus-0015-00000042544-i07.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/eb92a5f244c7/cureus-0015-00000042544-i08.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/fe34968aa341/cureus-0015-00000042544-i09.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/82e0f9b9f812/cureus-0015-00000042544-i10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/9db845f881af/cureus-0015-00000042544-i11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/8086f65602e3/cureus-0015-00000042544-i12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/aa5d0d63dbb5/cureus-0015-00000042544-i13.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/9feed083bf29/cureus-0015-00000042544-i14.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/49cfb16e4eb4/cureus-0015-00000042544-i15.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/175064cf2b60/cureus-0015-00000042544-i16.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/ec77b167b2f9/cureus-0015-00000042544-i01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/233dfaee32a5/cureus-0015-00000042544-i02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/f70efeda5855/cureus-0015-00000042544-i03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/101965226919/cureus-0015-00000042544-i04.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/54273d00c2d7/cureus-0015-00000042544-i05.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/f3f9fc09ee7c/cureus-0015-00000042544-i06.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/5ffb18fb7c08/cureus-0015-00000042544-i07.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/eb92a5f244c7/cureus-0015-00000042544-i08.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/fe34968aa341/cureus-0015-00000042544-i09.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/82e0f9b9f812/cureus-0015-00000042544-i10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/9db845f881af/cureus-0015-00000042544-i11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/8086f65602e3/cureus-0015-00000042544-i12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/aa5d0d63dbb5/cureus-0015-00000042544-i13.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/9feed083bf29/cureus-0015-00000042544-i14.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/49cfb16e4eb4/cureus-0015-00000042544-i15.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d15/10460141/175064cf2b60/cureus-0015-00000042544-i16.jpg

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引用本文的文献

[1]
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Arch Clin Biomed Res. 2025

[2]
Modulation of inflammatory response by electromagnetic field in Neuronal and Microglial cells.

J Surg Res (Houst). 2025

[3]
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Arch Clin Biomed Res. 2025

[4]
Progress to Date on Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation to Modulate Brain Activity.

Cureus. 2025-5-22

[5]
Validation of Electromagnetic Field Sensor Performance Through Porcine Skulls: Implications for Neurostimulation and Recording Techniques.

Cureus. 2025-4-10

[6]
Optimal Voltage for Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation to Modulate Brain Activity.

Cureus. 2025-4-10

[7]
Optimal Frequency for Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation.

Cureus. 2025-3-29

[8]
Localization of Brain Injuries Using Cranial Electromagnetic Fields.

Cureus. 2025-3-13

[9]
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Neurostimulation Treatments in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury.

J Biotechnol Biomed. 2024

[10]
Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes: Implications in Wound Healing and Regeneration.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

Cureus. 2023-7-12

[2]
Cellular Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Field in Traumatic Brain Injury.

J Biotechnol Biomed. 2023

[3]
Immunomodulatory Effect of Electromagnetic Field in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.

J Biotechnol Biomed. 2023

[4]
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Protects Against Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Involvement of Anti-Inflammatory Processes and Hematoma Clearance via CD36.

J Mol Neurosci. 2022-10

[5]
A lightweight magnetically shielded room with active shielding.

Sci Rep. 2022-8-9

[6]
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes neurological functional recovery in rats with traumatic brain injury by upregulating synaptic plasticity-related proteins.

Neural Regen Res. 2023-2

[7]
Measuring the Electromagnetic Field of Human Subjects Using Induction Sensors and a Shielded Helmet Without the Need for a Shielded Room.

Cureus. 2022-4-13

[8]
Measuring the Electromagnetic Field of the Human Brain at a Distance Using a Shielded Electromagnetic Field Channel.

Cureus. 2022-3-29

[9]
Measuring Electromagnetic Field Activity Generated by Neurons In Vivo by Humans With Thoughts of Repetitive Motor Activities and Emotional Thoughts.

Cureus. 2022-3-20

[10]
Evaluating the Intrinsic Electromagnetic Field Generated by Neurons From Repetitive Motor Activities in Humans With a Non-contact Non-invasive Electromagnetic Helmet.

Cureus. 2022-3-9

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