Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2023 Sep 7;21(1):319. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-02084-x.
Stimulating ion channels targeting in neuromodulation by external signals with the help of functionalized nanoparticles, which integrates the pioneering achievements in the fields of neurosciences and nanomaterials, has involved into a novel interdisciplinary field. The emerging technique developed in this field enable simple, remote, non-invasive, and spatiotemporally precise nerve regulations and disease therapeutics, beyond traditional treatment methods. In this paper, we define this emerging field as nano-neuromodulation and summarize the most recent developments of non-genetic nano-neuromodulation (non-genetic NNM) over the past decade based on the innovative design concepts of neuromodulation nanoparticle systems. These nanosystems, which feature diverse compositions, structures and synthesis approaches, could absorb certain exogenous stimuli like light, sound, electric or magnetic signals, and subsequently mediate mutual transformations between above signals, or chemical reactions, to regulate stimuli-sensitive ion channels and ion migrations which play vital roles in the nervous system. We will also discuss the obstacles and challenges in the future development of non-genetic NNM, and propose its future developments, to add the further progress of this promising field.
在外部信号的帮助下，通过功能化纳米粒子刺激靶向神经调节的离子通道，将神经科学和纳米材料领域的开创性成果整合在一起，涉及到一个新的跨学科领域。该领域新兴技术的发展使神经调节和疾病治疗能够超越传统治疗方法，实现简单、远程、非侵入性和时空精确的调控。在本文中，我们将这个新兴领域定义为纳米神经调节，并基于神经调节纳米粒子系统的创新设计概念，总结了过去十年中非遗传纳米神经调节（non-genetic NNM）的最新发展。这些纳米系统具有多种组成、结构和合成方法，可以吸收光、声、电或磁等特定的外源刺激信号，并随后介导上述信号或化学反应之间的相互转化，从而调节在神经系统中起重要作用的刺激敏感离子通道和离子迁移。我们还将讨论非遗传 NNM 未来发展中的障碍和挑战，并提出其未来的发展方向，以推动这一有前途的领域取得进一步进展。
