Wang Xinhui, Dong Yaqi, Zhang Hong, Zhao Yinghui, Miao Tianshu, Mohseni Ghazal, Du Lutao, Wang Chuanxin
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402774, China.
Genes Dis. 2023 Mar 30;11(2):847-860. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.038. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Early detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its mortality. However, the optimal population-based early screening for GC remains unmet. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs in the early stage of GC, exhibiting cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic changes, and can be detected in the media such as blood, gastric juice, and feces, constituting a valuable biomarker for cancer early detection. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic alteration, and many innovative methods have been developed to quantify it rapidly and accurately. Nonetheless, large-scale clinical validation of DNA methylation serving as tumor biomarkers is still lacking, precluding their implementation in clinical practice. In conclusion, after a critical analysis of the recent existing literature, we summarized the evolving roles of DNA methylation during GC occurrence, expounded the newly discovered noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection of GC, and discussed its challenges and prospects in clinical applications.
胃癌（GC）是全球最常见且致命的癌症之一。早期检测为治愈性治疗和降低死亡率提供了最佳机会。然而，基于人群的胃癌最佳早期筛查仍未实现。异常DNA甲基化发生在胃癌早期，表现出癌症特异性的遗传和表观遗传变化，并且可以在血液、胃液和粪便等介质中检测到，构成了癌症早期检测的重要生物标志物。此外，DNA甲基化是一种稳定的表观遗传改变，并且已经开发出许多创新方法来快速准确地对其进行量化。尽管如此，作为肿瘤生物标志物的DNA甲基化仍缺乏大规模临床验证，这阻碍了它们在临床实践中的应用。总之，在对近期现有文献进行批判性分析后，我们总结了DNA甲基化在胃癌发生过程中不断演变的作用，阐述了新发现的用于胃癌早期检测的非侵入性DNA甲基化生物标志物，并讨论了其在临床应用中的挑战和前景。
