Bhardwaj Tushti, Arora Neha, Paul Anu, Chowdhary Pallika
Department of Social Work, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Department of Psychology, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Palliat Care. 2023 Jul-Sep;29(3):292-311. doi: 10.25259/IJPC_96_2023. Epub 2023 Sep 2.
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in Indian settings is yet not very often used in palliative care with the Hindi-speaking population. The Hindi version of PHQ-9 is available but its cultural adaptation to the Hindi-speaking population in North India receiving palliative care services is required to be tested. PHQ-9 as a depression screening questionnaire may help to identify depression symptoms among patients with cancer. This study aimed to examine the cultural equivalence of PHQ-9 Hindi for use with patients with cancer receiving palliative care services in North India.
Based on the standard methodology of translation and adaptation of the scale, the following process was used: (i) Two focused group discussions with 17 experts working in a cancer palliative care setting, (ii) qualitative interviewing with 11 patients, and (iii) research team review. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and item-wise content analysis was conducted.
A few difficult phrases in the original PHQ-9 were 'dilchaspi', 'avasadgrast', 'kam urja', 'nakaam', parivar ko neecha dhikhana and 'ashthir' which were changed to Kam Mann Lagna, Mann Dukhi hona, kamjori, saksham nahi hain' 'asafal', Parivar ko nirash karna' and 'bechain,' respectively. Two items, namely no. 6 and 8 were changed to shorten the length for appropriately conveying the meaning.
Hindi language involves various dialects which change from region to region bringing variations in understanding the meaning of the words. It is recommended that culturally equivalent scales are used in practice and research. PHQ-9 is now culturally adapted for the Hindi-speaking population in North India. PHQ-9 will help identidy depressive symptoms at an early stage. Psychometric testing of PHQ-9 is underway.
在印度环境中,患者健康问卷-9(PHQ-9)在姑息治疗中对于说印地语的人群使用得还不是很频繁。PHQ-9有印地语版本,但需要测试其对北印度接受姑息治疗服务的说印地语人群的文化适应性。PHQ-9作为一种抑郁筛查问卷,可能有助于识别癌症患者中的抑郁症状。本研究旨在检验用于北印度接受姑息治疗服务的癌症患者的印地语版PHQ-9的文化等效性。
基于量表翻译和改编的标准方法,采用了以下过程:(i)与17名在癌症姑息治疗环境中工作的专家进行两次焦点小组讨论,(ii)对11名患者进行定性访谈,以及(iii)研究团队审查。所有访谈都进行了录音、转录,并进行了逐项目内容分析。
原始PHQ-9中的一些难词短语,如“dilchaspi”“avasadgrast”“kam urja”“nakaam”“parivar ko neecha dhikhana”和“ashthir”,分别改为“Kam Mann Lagna”“Mann Dukhi hona”“kamjori”“saksham nahi hain”“asafal”“Parivar ko nirash karna”和“bechain”。为了适当传达含义,对第6项和第8项进行了修改以缩短长度。
印地语包含各种方言,因地区而异,这导致对单词含义的理解存在差异。建议在实践和研究中使用文化等效的量表。现在PHQ-9已针对北印度的说印地语人群进行了文化改编。PHQ-9将有助于早期识别抑郁症状。PHQ-9的心理测量测试正在进行中。