Semkina Alevtina, Nikitin Aleksey, Ivanova Anna, Chmelyuk Nelly, Sviridenkova Natalia, Lazareva Polina, Abakumov Maxim
Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Sep 6;14(9):461. doi: 10.3390/jfb14090461.
Magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxide attract researchers' attention due to a wide range of possible applications in biomedicine. As synthesized, most of the magnetic nanoparticles do not form the stable colloidal solutions that are required for the evaluation of their interactions with cells or their efficacy on animal models. For further application in biomedicine, magnetic nanoparticles must be further modified with biocompatible coating. Both the size and shape of magnetic nanoparticles and the chemical composition of the coating have an effect on magnetic nanoparticles' interactions with living objects. Thus, a universal method for magnetic nanoparticles' stabilization in water solutions is needed, regardless of how magnetic nanoparticles were initially synthesized. In this paper, we propose the versatile and highly reproducible ligand exchange technique of coating with 3,4-dihydroxiphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), based on the formation of Fe-O bonds with hydroxyl groups of DOPAC leading to the hydrophilization of the magnetic nanoparticles' surfaces following phase transfer from organic solutions to water. The proposed technique allows for obtaining stable water-colloidal solutions of magnetic nanoparticles with sizes from 21 to 307 nm synthesized by thermal decomposition or coprecipitation techniques. Those stabilized by DOPAC nanoparticles were shown to be efficient in the magnetomechanical actuation of DNA duplexes, drug delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells, and targeted delivery by conjugation with antibodies. Moreover, the diversity of possible biomedical applications of the resulting nanoparticles was presented. This finding is important in terms of nanoparticle design for various biomedical applications and will reduce nanomedicines manufacturing time, along with difficulties related to comparative studies of magnetic nanoparticles with different magnetic core characteristics.
基于氧化铁的磁性纳米颗粒因其在生物医学领域广泛的潜在应用而吸引了研究人员的关注。在合成时，大多数磁性纳米颗粒无法形成评估其与细胞相互作用或在动物模型上的功效所需的稳定胶体溶液。为了在生物医学中进一步应用，磁性纳米颗粒必须用生物相容性涂层进行进一步修饰。磁性纳米颗粒的尺寸和形状以及涂层的化学成分都会影响磁性纳米颗粒与生物物体的相互作用。因此，需要一种通用方法来使磁性纳米颗粒在水溶液中稳定，而不管磁性纳米颗粒最初是如何合成的。在本文中，我们提出了一种通用且高度可重复的用3,4 - 二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC）进行涂层的配体交换技术，该技术基于与DOPAC的羟基形成Fe - O键，从而在从有机溶液相转移到水后使磁性纳米颗粒表面亲水化。所提出的技术能够获得通过热分解或共沉淀技术合成的尺寸在21至307纳米之间的磁性纳米颗粒的稳定水胶体溶液。经DOPAC纳米颗粒稳定的那些颗粒在DNA双链体的磁机械驱动、阿霉素向癌细胞的药物递送以及与抗体结合的靶向递送方面表现出高效性。此外，还展示了所得纳米颗粒在生物医学方面可能应用的多样性。这一发现对于各种生物医学应用的纳米颗粒设计具有重要意义，并且将减少纳米药物的制造时间，以及与具有不同磁芯特性的磁性纳米颗粒的比较研究相关的困难。
