磁机械方法在生物医学中的应用:益处、挑战和未来展望。

Magneto-Mechanical Approach in Biomedicine: Benefits, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

机构信息

Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia.

Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 22;23(19):11134. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911134.

Abstract

The magneto-mechanical approach is a powerful technique used in many different applications in biomedicine, including remote control enzyme activity, cell receptors, cancer-selective treatments, mechanically-activated drug releases, etc. This approach is based on the use of a combination of magnetic nanoparticles and external magnetic fields that have led to the movement of such nanoparticles with torques and forces (enough to change the conformation of biomolecules or even break weak chemical bonds). However, despite many theoretical and experimental works on this topic, it is difficult to predict the magneto-mechanical effects in each particular case, while the important results are scattered and often cannot be translated to other experiments. The main reason is that the magneto-mechanical effect is extremely sensitive to changes in any parameter of magnetic nanoparticles and the environment and changes in the parameters of the applied magnetic field. Thus, in this review, we (1) summarize and propose a simplified theoretical explanation of the main factors affecting the efficiency of the magneto-mechanical approach; (2) discuss the nature of the MNP-mediated mechanical forces and their order of magnitude; (3) show some of the main applications of the magneto-mechanical approach in the control over the properties of biological systems.

摘要

磁机械方法是一种在生物医学的许多不同应用中使用的强大技术,包括远程控制酶活性、细胞受体、癌症选择性治疗、机械激活药物释放等。该方法基于使用磁性纳米粒子和外部磁场的组合,这些磁场导致这些纳米粒子产生扭矩和力(足以改变生物分子的构象甚至打破弱化学键)。然而,尽管在这个主题上有许多理论和实验工作,但很难预测每种特定情况下的磁机械效应,而重要的结果是分散的,并且往往无法转化为其他实验。主要原因是磁机械效应对磁性纳米粒子和环境中任何参数以及外加磁场参数的变化极其敏感。因此,在这篇综述中,我们(1)总结并提出了一个简化的理论解释,说明影响磁机械方法效率的主要因素;(2)讨论了 MNP 介导的机械力的性质及其量级;(3)展示了磁机械方法在控制生物系统性质方面的一些主要应用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f496/9569787/ed4fdc02bb7c/ijms-23-11134-g001.jpg

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