Kaushal Shimayali, Priyadarshi Nitesh, Garg Priyanka, Singhal Nitin Kumar, Lim Dong-Kwon
KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Sep 10;13(18):2529. doi: 10.3390/nano13182529.
Sepsis is a critical disease caused by the abrupt increase of bacteria in human blood, which subsequently causes a cytokine storm. Early identification of bacteria is critical to treating a patient with proper antibiotics to avoid sepsis. However, conventional culture-based identification takes a long time. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not so successful because of the complexity and similarity in the genome sequence of some bacterial species, making it difficult to design primers and thus less suitable for rapid bacterial identification. To address these issues, several new technologies have been developed. Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown great potential for fast and accurate bacterial identification. The most promising strategy in nanotechnology involves the use of nanoparticles, which has led to the advancement of highly specific and sensitive biosensors capable of detecting and identifying bacteria even at low concentrations in very little time. The primary drawback of conventional antibiotics is the potential for antimicrobial resistance, which can lead to the development of superbacteria, making them difficult to treat. The incorporation of diverse nanomaterials and designs of nanomaterials has been utilized to kill bacteria efficiently. Nanomaterials with distinct physicochemical properties, such as optical and magnetic properties, including plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticles, have been extensively studied for their potential to efficiently kill bacteria. In this review, we are emphasizing the recent advances in nano-biotechnologies for bacterial identification and anti-bacterial properties. The basic principles of new technologies, as well as their future challenges, have been discussed.
败血症是一种由人体血液中细菌突然增多引起的严重疾病，随后会引发细胞因子风暴。早期识别细菌对于用适当的抗生素治疗患者以避免败血症至关重要。然而，传统的基于培养的识别方法耗时较长。由于一些细菌物种基因组序列的复杂性和相似性，聚合酶链反应（PCR）并不十分成功，这使得设计引物变得困难，因此不太适合快速细菌识别。为了解决这些问题，已经开发了几种新技术。纳米技术的最新进展在快速准确的细菌识别方面显示出巨大潜力。纳米技术中最有前景的策略涉及使用纳米颗粒，这推动了能够在极短时间内检测和识别低浓度细菌的高特异性和高灵敏度生物传感器的发展。传统抗生素的主要缺点是存在抗菌耐药性的可能性，这可能导致超级细菌的产生，使其难以治疗。多种纳米材料的结合以及纳米材料的设计已被用于有效杀灭细菌。具有独特物理化学性质（如光学和磁性性质，包括等离子体纳米颗粒和磁性纳米颗粒）的纳米材料因其有效杀灭细菌的潜力而受到广泛研究。在这篇综述中，我们着重介绍了纳米生物技术在细菌识别和抗菌性能方面的最新进展。讨论了新技术的基本原理及其未来面临的挑战。
