College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2024 Sep;50(5):684-701. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2262020. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
Bile acids (BAs) are an important metabolite produced by cholesterol catabolism. It serves important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and host-microbe interaction. Recent research has shown that different gut-microbiota can secrete different metabolic-enzymes to mediate the deconjugation, dehydroxylation and epimerization of BAs. In addition, microbes mediate BAs transformation and exert physiological functions in metabolic diseases may have a potentially close relationship with diet. Therefore, elaborating the pathways by which gut microbes mediate the transformation of BAs through enzymatic reactions involved are principal to understand the mechanism of effects between dietary patterns, gut microbes and BAs, and to provide theoretical knowledge for the development of functional foods to regulate metabolic diseases. In the present review, we summarized works on the physiological function of BAs, as well as the classification and composition of BAs in different animal models and its organs. In addition, we mainly focus on the bidirectional interactions of gut microbes with BAs transformation, and discuss the effects of diet on microbial transformation of BAs. Finally, we raised the question of further in-depth investigation of the food-gut microbial-BAs relationship, which might contribute to the improvement of metabolic diseases through dietary interventions in the future.
胆汁酸（BAs）是胆固醇代谢产生的一种重要代谢物。它在葡萄糖和脂质代谢以及宿主-微生物相互作用中发挥着重要作用。最近的研究表明，不同的肠道微生物可以分泌不同的代谢酶来介导胆汁酸的去结合、去羟基化和差向异构化。此外，微生物介导的胆汁酸转化及其在代谢性疾病中的生理功能可能与饮食有密切关系。因此，阐明肠道微生物通过酶反应介导胆汁酸转化的途径，对于了解饮食模式、肠道微生物和胆汁酸之间的作用机制，以及为开发调节代谢性疾病的功能性食品提供理论知识具有重要意义。在本综述中，我们总结了胆汁酸的生理功能以及不同动物模型及其器官中胆汁酸的分类和组成。此外，我们主要关注肠道微生物与胆汁酸转化的双向相互作用，并讨论了饮食对微生物转化胆汁酸的影响。最后，我们提出了进一步深入研究食物-肠道微生物-胆汁酸关系的问题，这可能有助于通过未来的饮食干预改善代谢性疾病。
