García-García Carolina, Kim Minju, Baik Inkyung
Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2023 Oct;17(5):997-1006. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.5.997. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are closely related and considered as allergic respiratory diseases (ARD), and their prevalence has recently increased. Data on the association of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake with asthma and AR in adults are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of vitamin A and C intake with asthma, AR, and all cases of both diseases in young adults who participated in a cross-sectional national survey, with the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level as an effect modifier.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 6,293 male and female adults aged 20-49 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2018. The questionnaire-based reports on asthma and AR diagnosis were used to determine outcome variables. Further, 24-h recall data on dietary vitamin A and C, carotene, and retinol intake were acquired. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with asthma prevalence among participants with hs-CRP levels (≥ 1 mg/L); the OR of asthma prevalence was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.84) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Similar association analyses limiting to non-users of dietary supplements were performed to rule out the potential effects of supplement intake on the outcomes; results showed a stronger association. However, the association between vitamin C and asthma was not significant in participants with hs-CRP levels < 1 mg/L; the OR of asthma was 1.44 (95% CI, 0.66-3.16) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Vitamin C intake was not associated with AR. Moreover, there was no association between vitamin A intake and neither asthma nor AR.
These findings suggest that higher vitamin C intake may play a potential role in reducing asthma prevalence. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to evaluate whether this association is causal.
背景/目的：哮喘和过敏性鼻炎（AR）密切相关，被视为过敏性呼吸道疾病（ARD），且其患病率近来有所上升。关于成人饮食中抗氧化维生素摄入量与哮喘和AR之间关联的数据有限。本研究旨在调查参与一项全国性横断面调查的年轻成年人中维生素A和C摄入量与哮喘、AR以及这两种疾病的所有病例之间的关联，并将高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平作为效应修饰因素。
对象/方法：本研究纳入了2016年至2018年期间韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）中的6293名年龄在20至49岁之间的成年男女。基于问卷的哮喘和AR诊断报告用于确定结局变量。此外，获取了关于饮食中维生素A、C、胡萝卜素和视黄醇摄入量的24小时回顾性数据。进行逻辑回归分析以计算比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
在hs-CRP水平（≥1mg/L）的参与者中，饮食中维生素C摄入量与哮喘患病率呈负相关；维生素C摄入量≥75mg/天的参与者与摄入量<20mg/天的参与者相比，哮喘患病率的OR为0.27（95%CI，0.08 - 0.84）。进行了类似的仅限于非膳食补充剂使用者的关联分析，以排除补充剂摄入对结局的潜在影响；结果显示关联更强。然而，在hs-CRP水平<1mg/L的参与者中，维生素C与哮喘之间的关联不显著；维生素C摄入量≥75mg/天的参与者与摄入量<20mg/天的参与者相比，哮喘的OR为1.44（95%CI，0.66 - 3.16）。维生素C摄入量与AR无关。此外，维生素A摄入量与哮喘和AR均无关联。
这些发现表明，较高的维生素C摄入量可能在降低哮喘患病率方面发挥潜在作用。然而，应进行进一步研究以评估这种关联是否具有因果关系。
