Ma Huixuan, Du Yitong, Xie Dan, Wei Zheng Z, Pan Yuhualei, Zhang Yongbo
Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The People's Hospital of Wu Hai Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, China.
Brain Res. 2024 Jan 1;1822:148615. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148615. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
Transcranial photobiomodulation refers to irradiation of the brain through the skull using low-intensity red or near-infrared light, which is the most commonly studied method of light energy biotherapy for central nervous system disorders. The absorption of photons by specific chromophores within the cell elevates ATP synthesis, reduces oxidative stress damage, alleviates inflammation or mediates the activation of transcription factors and signaling mediators through secondary mediators, which in turn trigger downstream signaling pathways to cause a series of photobiological effects including upregulation of neurotrophic factors. Multiple mechanisms are simultaneously involved in the pathological process of central nervous system disorders. The pleiotropic treatment of transcranial photobiomodulation towards multiple targets plays a beneficial role in improving hemodynamics, neural repair and improving behaviors in central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy and depression. This review mainly introduces the mechanism and recent preclinical and clinical advances of transcranial photobiomodulation for central nervous system disorders, which will provide a reference for clinicians to understand and engage in related studies, and calls for more and larger studies to validate and develop a wider application of transcranial photobiomodulation in central nervous system.
经颅光生物调节是指使用低强度红光或近红外光透过颅骨对大脑进行照射，这是针对中枢神经系统疾病研究最为广泛的光能生物疗法。细胞内特定发色团对光子的吸收可提高三磷酸腺苷（ATP）合成、减少氧化应激损伤、减轻炎症，或通过二级介质介导转录因子和信号介质的激活，进而触发下游信号通路，引发一系列光生物学效应，包括上调神经营养因子。中枢神经系统疾病的病理过程涉及多种机制。经颅光生物调节对多个靶点的多效性治疗，在改善诸如缺血性中风、创伤性脑损伤、神经退行性疾病、癫痫和抑郁症等中枢神经系统疾病的血流动力学、神经修复及行为改善方面发挥着有益作用。本综述主要介绍经颅光生物调节治疗中枢神经系统疾病的机制以及近期的临床前和临床进展，这将为临床医生理解和参与相关研究提供参考，并呼吁开展更多更大规模的研究，以验证并拓展经颅光生物调节在中枢神经系统中的广泛应用。
