Alrehaili Jihad
Pathology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh , SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Sep 6;15(9):e44767. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44767. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Leprosy is of big concern in the medical fraternity. Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease. It is a curable communicable disease that remains prevalent in most countries all over the globe. It is a chronic granulomatous infection commonly caused by and , which mainly show an effect on the skin and peripheral nerves. To control the disease and minimize the impact of the disease, much effort has been put into it for decades. Nearly 0.2 million fresh cases were documented in 2017 worldwide in spite of being declared "eradicated" by the WHO in the year 2000. However, impressive achievements have been made in several countries, including India; still, we are lagging behind the ultimate goal of the final disappearance of leprosy. Extensive migration is a crucial element that may transmit leprosy to unaffected areas. Additionally, there are several areas in the USA where person-to-person leprosy transmission has been reported without a prior history of exposure. Recently, WHO instigated a new Global Leprosy Strategy 2021-2030, termed "Towards Zero Leprosy." In this article, we review the clinical features, leprosy epidemiology, transmission, classification, host immunological response, and diagnostic challenges.
麻风病是医学界极为关注的问题。麻风病也被称为汉森氏病。它是一种可治愈的传染病，在全球大多数国家仍然普遍存在。它是一种慢性肉芽肿性感染，通常由[此处原文缺失两种病原体名称]引起，主要影响皮肤和周围神经。为了控制这种疾病并将其影响降至最低，几十年来人们付出了巨大努力。尽管世界卫生组织在2000年宣布麻风病已被“根除”，但2017年全球仍记录了近20万新病例。然而，包括印度在内的几个国家已经取得了令人瞩目的成就；不过，我们仍落后于麻风病最终消失的最终目标。大规模移民是可能将麻风病传播到未受影响地区的一个关键因素。此外，美国有几个地区报告了人与人之间的麻风病传播，且此前并无接触史。最近，世界卫生组织发起了一项新的2021 - 2030年全球麻风病战略，称为“迈向零麻风病”。在本文中，我们回顾了麻风病的临床特征、流行病学、传播、分类、宿主免疫反应以及诊断挑战。
