超临界 CO, 微波超声、水蒸气蒸馏和水蒸馏提取技术所得精油成分的定性和定量比较及抑菌效果。
Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Aromatic Oil Components and Antifungal Effects of Obtained with Supercritical CO, Microwave-Ultrasonic, Steam Distillation, and Hydrodistillation Extraction Techniques.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
出版信息
Molecules. 2023 Sep 29;28(19):6870. doi: 10.3390/molecules28196870.
is a highly valued botanical species with significant applications in the food and food supplement industries, medicine, and cosmetics. The effects of four extraction techniques, supercritical CO, microwave-ultrasonic, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation techniques, on the yield, phytochemical constituents, and antifungal activity against nine fungal species of aromatic oil (AO) were explored in this investigation. Gas chromatography connected with a mass spectrometry apparatus was employed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the investigated plant AOs. In addition, using the broth microdilution method, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were calculated for several fungi species. The supercritical CO method gave the highest yield of AO (11.62 ± 0.03 (/)) followed by the microwave-ultrasonic method (1.55 ± 0.05% (/)) and the steam distillation method (1.24 ± 0.04% (/)), while the hydrodistillation methods gave the lowest yield (1.17 ± 0.01 (/)). In addition, eighteen molecules were specified in the AOs obtained with the supercritical CO, microwave-ultrasonic, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation techniques, which constituted 99.36, 98.6, 98.21, and 98.31% (/) of the total oils, respectively. Additionally, linalyl acetate was the trending molecule in the microwave-ultrasonic and steam distillation methods, representing 24.61 and 24.34% (/), respectively, while geranial was the dominant molecule in the AOs extracted with the hydrodistillation and supercritical CO extraction techniques (27.01 and 25.6% (/), respectively). The antifungal screening results revealed that the tested AOs have potential antifungal effects against all the screened fungi species. The antifungal effect of the AOs extracted with the steam distillation and microwave-ultrasonic methods was remarkable compared with that of the commercial antifungal drug Fluconazole. However, the AOs extracted with these two methods have a more potent antifungal effect against than that of Fluconazole with MICs of 3.13 ± 0.01, 3.13 ± 0.01, and 6.25 ± 0.91 µg/mL, respectively. The same effects were also observed against with MICs of 6.25 ± 0.91 µg/mL, respectively. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the steam distillation and microwave-ultrasonic methods are promising processes for the extraction of AO with a potent antifungal effect. This may be an advantage for the utilization of AO over some antifungal synthetic agents commonly utilized as medicines, preservatives, food additives, cosmetics, and nutrient supplements.
是一种具有重要应用价值的植物种类，在食品和食品补充剂行业、医药和化妆品领域都有广泛应用。本研究探索了四种提取技术——超临界 CO₂、微波超声、水蒸气蒸馏和水蒸馏技术——对芳香油（AO）的产率、植物化学成分和抗真菌活性的影响。气相色谱与质谱联用仪用于对研究植物 AO 的定性和定量分析。此外，使用肉汤微量稀释法计算了几种真菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。超临界 CO₂法得到的 AO 产率最高（11.62 ± 0.03% (/))，其次是微波超声法（1.55 ± 0.05% (/))和水蒸气蒸馏法（1.24 ± 0.04% (/))，而水蒸馏法得到的产率最低（1.17 ± 0.01% (/))。此外，在超临界 CO₂、微波超声、水蒸气蒸馏和水蒸馏技术获得的 AO 中，共鉴定出 18 种分子，分别占总油的 99.36%、98.6%、98.21%和 98.31% (/))。此外，乙酸芳樟酯是微波超声和水蒸气蒸馏方法中最主要的分子，分别占 24.61%和 24.34% (/))，而香叶醛是水蒸馏和超临界 CO₂提取方法中 AO 的主要分子（分别占 27.01%和 25.6% (/))。抗真菌筛选结果表明，所测试的 AO 对所有筛选出的真菌均具有潜在的抗真菌作用。与市售抗真菌药物氟康唑相比，水蒸气蒸馏和微波超声方法提取的 AO 具有显著的抗真菌作用。然而，与氟康唑相比，这两种方法提取的 AO 对 具有更强的抗真菌作用，MIC 值分别为 3.13 ± 0.01、3.13 ± 0.01 和 6.25 ± 0.91 µg/mL。对 也观察到相同的效果，MIC 值分别为 6.25 ± 0.91 µg/mL。本研究结果表明，水蒸气蒸馏和微波超声法是提取具有强抗真菌作用的 AO 的有前途的方法。这可能是利用 AO 替代一些常用作药物、防腐剂、食品添加剂、化妆品和营养补充剂的合成抗真菌剂的优势。
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