Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Viruses. 2023 Sep 29;15(10):2024. doi: 10.3390/v15102024.
(1) Background: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been recognized as a flavonoid showing antiviral activity against various types of DNA and RNA viruses. In this work, we tested if EGCG-modified silver nanoparticles (EGCG-AgNPs) can become novel microbicides with additional adjuvant properties to treat herpes infections. (2) Methods: The anti-HSV and cytotoxic activities of EGCG-AgNPs were tested in human HaCaT and VK-2-E6/E7 keratinocytes. HSV-1/2 titers and immune responses after treatment with EGCG-AgNPs were tested in murine models of intranasal HSV-1 infection and genital HSV-2 infection. (3) Results: EGCG-AgNPs inhibited attachment and entry of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in human HaCaT and VK-2-E6/E7 keratinocytes much better than EGCG at the same concentration. Infected mice treated intranasally (HSV-1) or intravaginally (HSV-2) with EGCG-AgNPs showed lower virus titers in comparison to treatment with EGCG alone. After EGCG-AgNPs treatment, mucosal tissues showed a significant infiltration in dendritic cells and monocytes in comparison to NaCl-treated group, followed by significantly better infiltration of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and increased expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, CXCL9 and CXCL10. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show that EGCG-AgNPs can become an effective novel antiviral microbicide with adjuvant properties to be applied upon the mucosal tissues.
(1) 背景：表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）已被确认为一种具有抗多种类型 DNA 和 RNA 病毒活性的类黄酮。在这项工作中，我们测试了 EGCG 修饰的银纳米粒子（EGCG-AgNPs）是否可以成为具有额外佐剂特性的新型杀微生物剂，用于治疗疱疹感染。(2) 方法：在人 HaCaT 和 VK-2-E6/E7 角质形成细胞中测试了 EGCG-AgNPs 的抗单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和细胞毒性活性。在鼻内 HSV-1 感染和生殖器 HSV-2 感染的小鼠模型中，测试了 EGCG-AgNPs 处理后 HSV-1/2 的滴度和免疫反应。(3) 结果：与相同浓度的 EGCG 相比，EGCG-AgNPs 更好地抑制了 HSV-1 和 HSV-2 在人 HaCaT 和 VK-2-E6/E7 角质形成细胞中的附着和进入。用 EGCG-AgNPs 经鼻（HSV-1）或阴道（HSV-2）治疗的感染小鼠与单独用 EGCG 治疗相比，病毒滴度较低。与 NaCl 处理组相比，EGCG-AgNPs 治疗后黏膜组织中树突状细胞和单核细胞明显浸润，随后 CD8+T 细胞、NK 细胞浸润明显增加，IFN-α、IFN-γ、CXCL9 和 CXCL10 的表达增加。(4) 结论：我们的研究结果表明，EGCG-AgNPs 可以成为一种有效的新型具有佐剂特性的抗病毒杀微生物剂，可应用于黏膜组织。
