ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.
Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Science Policy and Scientometrics, Budapest, Hungary.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023 Dec;20(1):2278632. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2278632. Epub 2023 Nov 12.
YouTube is one of the most widespread social media channels, which is of growing importance in science communication and health education. The validity of medical and health-related information available on YouTube cannot be assured, and videos often contain potentially misleading or inaccurate information. Communication on sport nutrition may have a profound effect on the change in nutrition behavior among athletes, so evidence-based nutrition information must reach athletes. The main goal of the research is to evaluate the quality, reliability, and applicability of sports nutrition YouTube videos as educational material for athletes.
A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied, and a systematic search was performed on YouTube. The quality and reliability of the videos were evaluated by applying the most frequently used and highly reliable scoring systems in the literature (e.g., DISCERN, Global Quality Score, and JAMA criteria) and a sports nutrition-specific scoring system (SNSS). Descriptive statistical analyses, two-sample t-test, Spearman correlation, Kruskal - Wallis, and Mann - Whitney U test were used to evaluate the results. A total of 114 YouTube videos met the inclusion criteria.
In 25% of the videos, the sports nutrition information was presented by a dietitian, while in two-thirds, coaches and athletes and other professionals shared sports nutrition knowledge. In terms of video content, the three most common topics were nutrition and health (33%), special diets (21%), and the training diet (17%). For the majority of the videos that received low GQS, JAMAS, DISCERN, and SNSS scores, the accuracy and quality of the analyzed YouTube videos on sports nutrition were inadequate. Videos uploaded by dietitians achieved significantly higher DISCERN, JAMAS, GQS, and SNSS scores. The GQS, SNSS, and DISCERN scores of videos from sports organizations, nonprofit organizations, and independent user sources were lower compared to videos uploaded by academic and professional organizations. Popular sport nutrition videos among users that contain personal stories or the experiences of athletes were deemed less reliable by experts or showed lower educational quality. Henceforth, we found a negative correlation between video popularity and JAMAS, GQS, and SNSS scores.
This study revealed that sports nutrition videos on the YouTube video platform show low accuracy and reliability. Professionals working with athletes need to consider misconceptions from sports nutrition videos in their nutrition counseling practice. Due to the popularity of the videos, professionals and professional organizations could use YouTube as an online educational tool to increase the nutrition knowledge of athletes.
YouTube 是社交媒体渠道中最广泛使用的平台之一，在科学传播和健康教育方面的重要性日益增加。YouTube 上的医学和健康相关信息的有效性无法保证，视频中经常包含可能具有误导性或不准确的信息。运动营养方面的交流可能会对运动员的营养行为改变产生深远影响，因此必须向运动员提供基于证据的营养信息。本研究的主要目的是评估运动营养 YouTube 视频作为运动员教育材料的质量、可靠性和适用性。
采用描述性横断面设计，在 YouTube 上进行系统搜索。通过应用文献中最常用和最可靠的评分系统（例如 DISCERN、全球质量评分和 JAMA 标准）以及特定于运动营养的评分系统（SNSS），评估视频的质量和可靠性。使用描述性统计分析、两样本 t 检验、Spearman 相关分析、Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Mann-Whitney U 检验来评估结果。共有 114 个 YouTube 视频符合纳入标准。
在 25%的视频中，运动营养信息由营养师提供，而在三分之二的视频中，教练和运动员以及其他专业人士分享运动营养知识。就视频内容而言，最常见的三个主题是营养与健康（33%）、特殊饮食（21%）和训练饮食（17%）。对于大多数获得低 GQS、JAMAS、DISCERN 和 SNSS 评分的视频，运动营养分析的 YouTube 视频的准确性和质量不足。由营养师上传的视频获得了显著更高的 DISCERN、JAMAS、GQS 和 SNSS 评分。来自体育组织、非营利组织和独立用户来源的 GQS、SNSS 和 DISCERN 评分低于学术和专业组织上传的视频。用户中较受欢迎的包含个人故事或运动员经历的运动营养视频被专家认为不太可靠，或显示出较低的教育质量。因此，我们发现视频的受欢迎程度与 JAMAS、GQS 和 SNSS 评分之间存在负相关。
本研究表明，YouTube 视频平台上的运动营养视频准确性和可靠性较低。与运动员合作的专业人员需要在营养咨询实践中考虑来自运动营养视频的误解。由于视频的受欢迎程度，专业人员和专业组织可以将 YouTube 用作在线教育工具，以提高运动员的营养知识。
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