Sacramento-Pacheco Jennifer, Sánchez-Gómez María Begoña, Gómez-Salgado Juan, Novo-Muñoz María Mercedes, Duarte-Clíments Gonzalo
Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Nursing University School, University of La Laguna, 38010 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
Europa Sur Educational Centre (CESUR Tenerife), 38006 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2023 Nov 6;12(21):6944. doi: 10.3390/jcm12216944.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics, with the lack of control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) being the main contributing factor. The CVRFs of greatest clinical interest are high blood pressure (HBP), smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM2), overweight, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary lifestyle. The main objective of this review was to compare the prevalence of the different CVRFs according to population-based studies carried out in Spain. For this, a systematic review based on publications assessing CVRFs in the adult population and estimating their national prevalence was conducted. Pubmed and Dialnet databases were consulted, and the selected articles were analysed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español (CASPe) tool for cohort studies and the Berra et al. tool for cross-sectional studies. A total of 33 studies were obtained from the autonomous regions of Andalusia, the Canary Islands, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia, and Navarra. In all the population-based studies, there was a greater representation of women in the sample. The most prevalent CVRFs differed across the studies according to the autonomous region targeted, with dyslipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, overweight, and obesity standing out. Numerous differences exist between the studies included in this review, such as the age range, the CVRFs analysed and their prevalence, and remarkable aspects such as the over-representation of the female sex in all cases. It can be concluded that, based on the presented results, the prevalence of CVRFs in Spain varies according to the autonomous region, the sex of the individual, and the studied age range.
根据国家统计局的数据，心血管疾病是西班牙的主要死因，心血管危险因素（CVRF）控制不佳是主要促成因素。临床上最受关注的CVRF包括高血压（HBP）、吸烟、2型糖尿病（DM2）、超重、肥胖、高胆固醇血症和久坐不动的生活方式。本综述的主要目的是根据在西班牙开展的基于人群的研究，比较不同CVRF的患病率。为此，我们基于评估成年人群CVRF并估计其全国患病率的出版物进行了系统综述。查阅了PubMed和Dialnet数据库，并使用西班牙批判性评估技能计划（CASPe）工具对队列研究进行分析，使用贝拉拉等人的工具对横断面研究进行分析。共从安达卢西亚、加那利群岛、卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂、卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰、加泰罗尼亚、埃斯特雷马杜拉、巴利阿里群岛、马德里、穆尔西亚和纳瓦拉等自治区获得了33项研究。在所有基于人群的研究中，样本中女性的比例更高。根据目标自治区的不同，不同研究中最普遍的CVRF也有所不同，血脂异常、久坐不动的生活方式、高血压、高胆固醇血症、超重和肥胖较为突出。本综述纳入的研究之间存在许多差异，如年龄范围、分析的CVRF及其患病率，以及在所有情况下女性比例过高这一显著方面。可以得出结论，根据所呈现的结果，西班牙CVRF的患病率因自治区、个体性别和研究的年龄范围而异。
