Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 16;14(1):7416. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43234-x.
Temporal crop diversification could reduce pesticide use by increasing the proportion of crops with low pesticide use (dilution effects) or enhancing the regulation of pests, weeds and diseases (regulation effects). Here, we use the French National DEPHY Network to compare pesticide use between 16 main crops (dilution effect) and to assess whether temporal crop taxonomic and functional diversification, as implemented in commercial farms specialized in arable field crops, could explain variability in total pesticide use within 16 main crops (regulation effect). The analyses are based on 14,556 crop observations belonging to 1334 contrasted cropping systems spanning the diversity of French climatic regions. We find that cropping systems with high temporal crop diversity generally include crops with low pesticide use. For several crops, total pesticide use is reduced under higher temporal crop functional diversity, temporal crop taxonomic diversity, or both. Higher cover crop frequency increases total pesticide use through an increase in herbicide use. Further studies are required to identify crop sequences that maximize regulation and dilution effects while achieving other facets of cropping system multiperformance.
时间作物多样化可以通过增加低农药使用作物的比例（稀释效应）或增强对害虫、杂草和疾病的调节（调节效应）来减少农药使用。在这里，我们利用法国国家 DEPHY 网络比较了 16 种主要作物之间的农药使用情况（稀释效应），并评估了在专门从事旱地作物的商业农场中实施的时间作物分类和功能多样化是否可以解释 16 种主要作物内总农药使用的变异性（调节效应）。分析基于属于 1334 个对照种植系统的 14556 个作物观测值，这些种植系统涵盖了法国不同气候区域的多样性。我们发现，时间作物多样性高的种植系统通常包括农药使用量低的作物。对于几种作物，较高的时间作物功能多样性、时间作物分类多样性或两者都会降低总农药使用量。较高的覆盖作物频率通过增加除草剂的使用来增加总农药使用量。需要进一步的研究来确定最大限度地提高调节和稀释效应，同时实现种植系统多性能其他方面的作物序列。
